[windows] How to test if a file is a directory in a batch script?

Is there any way to find out if a file is a directory?

I have the file name in a variable. In Perl I can do this:

if(-d $var) { print "it's a directory\n" }

I would like to post my own function script about this subject hope to be useful for someone one day.

@pushd %~dp1
@if not exist "%~nx1" (
        popd
        exit /b 0
) else (
        if exist "%~nx1\*" (
                popd
                exit /b 1
        ) else (
                popd
                exit /b 3
        )
)

This batch script checks if file/folder is exist and if it is a file or a folder.

Usage:

script.bat "PATH"

Exit code(s):

0: file/folder doesn't exist.

1: exists, and it is a folder.

3: exists, and it is a file.

Here's a script that uses FOR to build a fully qualified path, and then pushd to test whether the path is a directory. Notice how it works for paths with spaces, as well as network paths.

@echo off
if [%1]==[] goto usage

for /f "delims=" %%i in ("%~1") do set MYPATH="%%~fi"
pushd %MYPATH% 2>nul
if errorlevel 1 goto notdir
goto isdir

:notdir
echo not a directory
goto exit

:isdir
popd
echo is a directory
goto exit

:usage
echo Usage:  %0 DIRECTORY_TO_TEST

:exit

Sample output with the above saved as "isdir.bat":

C:\>isdir c:\Windows\system32
is a directory

C:\>isdir c:\Windows\system32\wow32.dll
not a directory

C:\>isdir c:\notadir
not a directory

C:\>isdir "C:\Documents and Settings"
is a directory

C:\>isdir \
is a directory

C:\>isdir \\ninja\SharedDocs\cpu-z
is a directory

C:\>isdir \\ninja\SharedDocs\cpu-z\cpuz.ini
not a directory

Can't we just test with this :

IF [%~x1] == [] ECHO Directory

It seems to work for me.

The NUL technique seems to only work on 8.3 compliant file names.

(In other words, `D:\Documents and Settings` is "bad" and `D:\DOCUME~1` is "good")

I think there is some difficulty using the "NUL" tecnique when there are SPACES in the directory name, such as "Documents and Settings."

I am using Windows XP service pack 2 and launching the cmd prompt from %SystemRoot%\system32\cmd.exe

Here are some examples of what DID NOT work and what DOES WORK for me:

(These are all demonstrations done "live" at an interactive prompt. I figure that you should get things to work there before trying to debug them in a script.)

This DID NOT work:

D:\Documents and Settings>if exist "D:\Documents and Settings\NUL" echo yes

This DID NOT work:

D:\Documents and Settings>if exist D:\Documents and Settings\NUL echo yes

This DOES work (for me):

D:\Documents and Settings>cd ..

D:\>REM get the short 8.3 name for the file

D:\>dir /x

Volume in drive D has no label. Volume Serial Number is 34BE-F9C9

Directory of D:\
09/25/2008 05:09 PM <DIR> 2008
09/25/2008 05:14 PM <DIR> 200809~1.25 2008.09.25
09/23/2008 03:44 PM <DIR> BOOST_~3 boost_repo_working_copy
09/02/2008 02:13 PM 486,128 CHROME~1.EXE ChromeSetup.exe
02/14/2008 12:32 PM <DIR> cygwin

[[Look right here !!!! ]]
09/25/2008 08:34 AM <DIR> DOCUME~1 Documents and Settings

09/11/2008 01:57 PM 0 EMPTY_~1.TXT empty_testcopy_file.txt
01/21/2008 06:58 PM <DIR> NATION~1 National Instruments Downloads
10/12/2007 11:25 AM <DIR> NVIDIA
05/13/2008 09:42 AM <DIR> Office10
09/19/2008 11:08 AM <DIR> PROGRA~1 Program Files
12/02/1999 02:54 PM 24,576 setx.exe
09/15/2008 11:19 AM <DIR> TEMP
02/14/2008 12:26 PM <DIR> tmp
01/21/2008 07:05 PM <DIR> VXIPNP
09/23/2008 12:15 PM <DIR> WINDOWS
02/21/2008 03:49 PM <DIR> wx28
02/29/2008 01:47 PM <DIR> WXWIDG~2 wxWidgets
3 File(s) 510,704 bytes
20 Dir(s) 238,250,901,504 bytes free

D:\>REM now use the \NUL test with the 8.3 name

D:\>if exist d:\docume~1\NUL echo yes

yes

This works, but it's sort of silly, because the dot already implies i am in a directory:

D:\Documents and Settings>if exist .\NUL echo yes

Here's my solution:

REM make sure ERRORLEVEL is 0
TYPE NUL

REM try to PUSHD into the path (store current dir and switch to another one)
PUSHD "insert path here..." >NUL 2>&1

REM if ERRORLEVEL is still 0, it's most definitely a directory
IF %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 command...

REM if needed/wanted, go back to previous directory
POPD

This works perfectly

if exist "%~1\" echo Directory

we need to use %~1 to remove quotes from %1, and add a backslash at end. Then put thw whole into qutes again.

This works:

if exist %1\* echo Directory

Works with directory names that contains spaces:

C:\>if exist "c:\Program Files\*" echo Directory
Directory

Note that the quotes are necessary if the directory contains spaces:

C:\>if exist c:\Program Files\* echo Directory

Can also be expressed as:

C:\>SET D="C:\Program Files"
C:\>if exist %D%\* echo Directory
Directory

This is safe to try at home, kids!

A variation of @batchman61's approach (checking the Directory attribute).

This time I use an external 'find' command.

(Oh, and note the && trick. This is to avoid the long boring IF ERRORLEVEL syntax.)

@ECHO OFF
SETLOCAL EnableExtensions
ECHO.%~a1 | find "d" >NUL 2>NUL && (
    ECHO %1 is a directory
)

Outputs yes on:

• Directories.
• Directory symbolic links or junctions.
• Broken directory symbolic links or junctions. (Doesn't try to resolve links.)
• Directories which you have no read permission on (e.g. "C:\System Volume Information")

Under Windows 7 and XP, I can't get it to tell files vs. dirs on mapped drives. The following script:

@echo off
if exist c:\temp\data.csv echo data.csv is a file
if exist c:\temp\data.csv\ echo data.csv is a directory
if exist c:\temp\data.csv\nul echo data.csv is a directory
if exist k:\temp\nonexistent.txt echo nonexistent.txt is a file
if exist k:\temp\something.txt echo something.txt is a file
if exist k:\temp\something.txt\ echo something.txt is a directory
if exist k:\temp\something.txt\nul echo something.txt is a directory

produces:

data.csv is a file
something.txt is a file
something.txt is a directory
something.txt is a directory

So beware if your script might be fed a mapped or UNC path. The pushd solution below seems to be the most foolproof.

Here is my solution after many tests with if exist, pushd, dir /AD, etc...

@echo off
cd /d C:\
for /f "delims=" %%I in ('dir /a /ogn /b') do (
    call :isdir "%%I"
    if errorlevel 1 (echo F: %%~fI) else echo D: %%~fI
)
cmd/k

:isdir
echo.%~a1 | findstr /b "d" >nul
exit /b %errorlevel%

:: Errorlevel
:: 0 = folder
:: 1 = file or item not found

• It works with files that have no extension
• It works with folders named folder.ext
• It works with UNC path
• It works with double-quoted full path or with just the dirname or filename only.
• It works even if you don't have read permissions
• It works with Directory Links (Junctions).
• It works with files whose path contains a Directory Link.

Based on this article titled "How can a batch file test existence of a directory" it's "not entirely reliable".

BUT I just tested this:

@echo off
IF EXIST %1\NUL goto print
ECHO not dir
pause
exit
:print
ECHO It's a directory
pause

and it seems to work

If you can cd into it, it's a directory:

set cwd=%cd%

cd /D "%1" 2> nul
@IF %errorlevel%==0 GOTO end

cd /D "%~dp1"
@echo This is a file.

@goto end2
:end
@echo This is a directory
:end2

@REM restore prior directory
@cd %cwd%

I use this:

if not [%1] == [] (
  pushd %~dpn1 2> nul
  if errorlevel == 1 pushd %~dp1
)

A very simple way is to check if the child exists.

If a child does not have any child, the exist command will return false.

IF EXIST %1\. (
  echo %1 is a folder
) else (
  echo %1 is a file
)

You may have some false negative if you don't have sufficient access right (I have not tested it).

Recently failed with different approaches from the above. Quite sure they worked in the past, maybe related to dfs here. Now using the files attributes and cut first char

@echo off
SETLOCAL ENABLEEXTENSIONS
set ATTR=%~a1
set DIRATTR=%ATTR:~0,1%
if /I "%DIRATTR%"=="d" echo %1 is a folder
:EOF

One issue with using %%~si\NUL method is that there is the chance that it guesses wrong. Its possible to have a filename shorten to the wrong file. I don't think %%~si resolves the 8.3 filename, but guesses it, but using string manipulation to shorten the filepath. I believe if you have similar file paths it may not work.

An alternative method:

dir /AD %F% 2>&1 | findstr /C:"Not Found">NUL:&&(goto IsFile)||(goto IsDir)

:IsFile
  echo %F% is a file
  goto done

:IsDir
  echo %F% is a directory
  goto done

:done

You can replace (goto IsFile)||(goto IsDir) with other batch commands:
(echo Is a File)||(echo is a Directory)

Further to my previous offering, I find this also works:

if exist %1\ echo Directory

No quotes around %1 are needed because the caller will supply them. This saves one entire keystroke over my answer of a year ago ;-)

If your objective is to only process directories then this will be useful.

This is taken from the https://ss64.com/nt/for_d.html

Example... List every subfolder, below the folder C:\Work\ that has a name starting with "User":

CD \Work
FOR /D /r %%G in ("User*") DO Echo We found

FOR /D or FOR /D /R

@echo off
cd /d "C:\your directory here"
for /d /r %%A in ("*") do echo We found a folder: %%~nxA
pause

Remove /r to only go one folder deep. The /r switch is recursive and undocumented in the command below.

The for /d help taken from command for /?

FOR /D %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

If set contains wildcards, then specifies to match against directory names instead of file names.

This is the code that I use in my BATCH files

```
@echo off
set param=%~1
set tempfile=__temp__.txt
dir /b/ad > %tempfile%
set isfolder=false
for /f "delims=" %%i in (temp.txt) do if /i  "%%i"=="%param%" set isfolder=true
del %tempfile%
echo %isfolder%
if %isfolder%==true echo %param% is a directory

```

This works and also handles paths with spaces in them:

dir "%DIR%" > NUL 2>&1

if not errorlevel 1 (
    echo Directory exists.
) else (
    echo Directory does not exist.
)

Probably not the most efficient but easier to read than the other solutions in my opinion.

CD returns an EXIT_FAILURE when the specified directory does not exist. And you got conditional processing symbols, so you could do like the below for this.

SET cd_backup=%cd%
(CD "%~1" && CD %cd_backup%) || GOTO Error

:Error
CD %cd_backup%