Here is a smart and fast way to do it for numbers up to and around 10**16 in pure Python 3.6,
from itertools import compress
def primes(n):
""" Returns a list of primes < n for n > 2 """
sieve = bytearray([True]) * (n//2)
for i in range(3,int(n**0.5)+1,2):
if sieve[i//2]:
sieve[i*i//2::i] = bytearray((n-i*i-1)//(2*i)+1)
return [2,*compress(range(3,n,2), sieve[1:])]
def factorization(n):
""" Returns a list of the prime factorization of n """
pf = []
for p in primeslist:
if p*p > n : break
count = 0
while not n % p:
n //= p
count += 1
if count > 0: pf.append((p, count))
if n > 1: pf.append((n, 1))
return pf
def divisors(n):
""" Returns an unsorted list of the divisors of n """
divs = [1]
for p, e in factorization(n):
divs += [x*p**k for k in range(1,e+1) for x in divs]
return divs
n = 600851475143
primeslist = primes(int(n**0.5)+1)
print(divisors(n))