Exit codes in Python

Question

I got a message saying script xyz py returned exit code 0  What does this mean   What do the exit codes in Python mean  How many are there  Which ones are important

User · Answer

Operating system commands have exit codes   Look for Linux exit codes to see some material on this   The shell uses the exit codes to decide if the program worked  had problems  or failed   There are some efforts to create standard  or at least commonly-used  exit codes   See this Advanced Shell Script posting

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Exit codes in many programming languages are up to programmers  So you have to look at your program source code  or manual   Zero usually means  everything went fine

User · Answer

You re looking for calls to sys exit   in the script  The argument to that method is returned to the environment as the exit code  It s fairly likely that the script is never calling the exit method  and that 0 is the default exit code

User · Answer

To allow exception handlers and other things execute I recommend a clean shutdown with the exit 0  builtin rather than using sys exit   which terminates the process abruptly

User · Answer

Exit codes in many programming languages are up to programmers  So you have to look at your program source code  or manual   Zero usually means  everything went fine

User · Answer

Operating system commands have exit codes   Look for Linux exit codes to see some material on this   The shell uses the exit codes to decide if the program worked  had problems  or failed   There are some efforts to create standard  or at least commonly-used  exit codes   See this Advanced Shell Script posting

User · Answer

Exit codes in many programming languages are up to programmers  So you have to look at your program source code  or manual   Zero usually means  everything went fine

User · Answer

Exit codes of 0 usually mean   nothing wrong here    However if the programmer of the script didn t follow convention you may have to consult the source to see what it means   Usually a non-zero value is returned as an error code

User · Answer

The exit codes only have meaning as assigned by the script author  The Unix tradition is that exit code 0 means  success   anything else is failure  The only way to be sure what the exit codes for a given script mean is to examine the script itself

User · Answer

From the documentation for sys exit   The optional argument arg can be an integer giving the exit status  defaulting to zero   or another type of object  If it is an integer  zero is considered    successful termination    and any nonzero value is considered    abnormal termination    by shells and the like  Most systems require it to be in the range 0-127  and produce undefined results otherwise  Some systems have a convention for assigning specific meanings to specific exit codes  but these are generally underdeveloped  Unix programs generally use 2 for command line syntax errors and 1 for all other kind of errors   One example where exit codes are used are in shell scripts  In Bash you can check the special variable    for the last exit status  me mini    python -c  quot  quot   echo    0 me mini    python -c  quot import sys  sys exit 0  quot   echo    0 me mini    python -c  quot import sys  sys exit 43  quot   echo    43  Personally I try to use the exit codes I find in  usr include asm-generic errno h  on a Linux system   but I don t know if this is the right thing to do

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There is an errno module that defines standard exit codes   For example  Permission denied is error code 13   import errno  sys  if can access resource        do something   else      sys exit errno EACCES

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For the record  you can use POSIX standard exit codes defined here   Example   import sys  os  try      config   except      sys exit os EX CONFIG   try      do stuff   except      sys exit os EX SOFTWARE  sys exit os EX OK    code 0  all ok

User · Answer

Exit codes of 0 usually mean   nothing wrong here    However if the programmer of the script didn t follow convention you may have to consult the source to see what it means   Usually a non-zero value is returned as an error code

User · Answer

Operating system commands have exit codes   Look for Linux exit codes to see some material on this   The shell uses the exit codes to decide if the program worked  had problems  or failed   There are some efforts to create standard  or at least commonly-used  exit codes   See this Advanced Shell Script posting

User · Answer

From the documentation for sys exit   The optional argument arg can be an integer giving the exit status  defaulting to zero   or another type of object  If it is an integer  zero is considered    successful termination    and any nonzero value is considered    abnormal termination    by shells and the like  Most systems require it to be in the range 0-127  and produce undefined results otherwise  Some systems have a convention for assigning specific meanings to specific exit codes  but these are generally underdeveloped  Unix programs generally use 2 for command line syntax errors and 1 for all other kind of errors   One example where exit codes are used are in shell scripts  In Bash you can check the special variable    for the last exit status  me mini    python -c  quot  quot   echo    0 me mini    python -c  quot import sys  sys exit 0  quot   echo    0 me mini    python -c  quot import sys  sys exit 43  quot   echo    43  Personally I try to use the exit codes I find in  usr include asm-generic errno h  on a Linux system   but I don t know if this is the right thing to do

User · Answer

The answer is  quot Depends on what exit code zero means quot   However  in most cases  this means  quot Everything is Ok quot    I like POSIX  So  in the shell  I would type  python script py  amp  amp  echo  OK     echo  Not OK   If my Python script calls sys exit 0   the shell returns  OK  If my Python script calls sys exit 1   or any non-zero integer   the shell returns  Not OK   It s your job to get clever with the shell  and read the documentation  or the source  for your script to see what the exit codes mean

User · Answer

The exit codes only have meaning as assigned by the script author  The Unix tradition is that exit code 0 means  success   anything else is failure  The only way to be sure what the exit codes for a given script mean is to examine the script itself

User · Answer

To allow exception handlers and other things execute I recommend a clean shutdown with the exit 0  builtin rather than using sys exit   which terminates the process abruptly

User · Answer

The exit codes only have meaning as assigned by the script author  The Unix tradition is that exit code 0 means  success   anything else is failure  The only way to be sure what the exit codes for a given script mean is to examine the script itself

User · Answer

If you would like to portably use the standard POSIX exit codes  see the exitstatus package on PyPI   Install the package     pip install exitstatus   Use in your code   import sys from exitstatus import ExitStatus  sys exit ExitStatus success

User · Answer

For the record  you can use POSIX standard exit codes defined here   Example   import sys  os  try      config   except      sys exit os EX CONFIG   try      do stuff   except      sys exit os EX SOFTWARE  sys exit os EX OK    code 0  all ok

User · Answer

Exit codes of 0 usually mean   nothing wrong here    However if the programmer of the script didn t follow convention you may have to consult the source to see what it means   Usually a non-zero value is returned as an error code

User · Answer

You re looking for calls to sys exit   in the script  The argument to that method is returned to the environment as the exit code  It s fairly likely that the script is never calling the exit method  and that 0 is the default exit code

User · Answer

Following Unix exit codes 0 - for success   OK  1 - non success   error  You could simply use exit 0  or exit 1  call without importing sys module

User · Answer

There is an errno module that defines standard exit codes   For example  Permission denied is error code 13   import errno  sys  if can access resource        do something   else      sys exit errno EACCES

User · Answer

From the documentation for sys exit   The optional argument arg can be an integer giving the exit status  defaulting to zero   or another type of object  If it is an integer  zero is considered    successful termination    and any nonzero value is considered    abnormal termination    by shells and the like  Most systems require it to be in the range 0-127  and produce undefined results otherwise  Some systems have a convention for assigning specific meanings to specific exit codes  but these are generally underdeveloped  Unix programs generally use 2 for command line syntax errors and 1 for all other kind of errors   One example where exit codes are used are in shell scripts  In Bash you can check the special variable    for the last exit status  me mini    python -c  quot  quot   echo    0 me mini    python -c  quot import sys  sys exit 0  quot   echo    0 me mini    python -c  quot import sys  sys exit 43  quot   echo    43  Personally I try to use the exit codes I find in  usr include asm-generic errno h  on a Linux system   but I don t know if this is the right thing to do

User · Answer

You re looking for calls to sys exit   in the script  The argument to that method is returned to the environment as the exit code  It s fairly likely that the script is never calling the exit method  and that 0 is the default exit code

User · Answer

From the documentation for sys exit   The optional argument arg can be an integer giving the exit status  defaulting to zero   or another type of object  If it is an integer  zero is considered    successful termination    and any nonzero value is considered    abnormal termination    by shells and the like  Most systems require it to be in the range 0-127  and produce undefined results otherwise  Some systems have a convention for assigning specific meanings to specific exit codes  but these are generally underdeveloped  Unix programs generally use 2 for command line syntax errors and 1 for all other kind of errors   One example where exit codes are used are in shell scripts  In Bash you can check the special variable    for the last exit status  me mini    python -c  quot  quot   echo    0 me mini    python -c  quot import sys  sys exit 0  quot   echo    0 me mini    python -c  quot import sys  sys exit 43  quot   echo    43  Personally I try to use the exit codes I find in  usr include asm-generic errno h  on a Linux system   but I don t know if this is the right thing to do

User · Answer

If you would like to portably use the standard POSIX exit codes  see the exitstatus package on PyPI   Install the package     pip install exitstatus   Use in your code   import sys from exitstatus import ExitStatus  sys exit ExitStatus success

User · Answer

I recommend a clean shutdown with the exit 0  builtin rather than using sys exit     I m not sure if this is good advice   The very documentation mentioned reads      The site module  which is imported automatically during startup  except if the -S command-line option is given  adds several constants to the built-in namespace  They are useful for the interactive interpreter shell and should not be used in programs    Then      exit code None       Objects that when printed  print a message like    Use quit   or Ctrl-D  i e  EOF  to exit     and when called  raise SystemExit with the specified exit code    If we compare it to sys exit   documentation  it s using the same mechanism which is raising a SystemExit exception

User · Answer

Exit codes in many programming languages are up to programmers  So you have to look at your program source code  or manual   Zero usually means  everything went fine

User · Answer

Following Unix exit codes 0 - for success   OK  1 - non success   error  You could simply use exit 0  or exit 1  call without importing sys module

User · Answer

The answer is  quot Depends on what exit code zero means quot   However  in most cases  this means  quot Everything is Ok quot    I like POSIX  So  in the shell  I would type  python script py  amp  amp  echo  OK     echo  Not OK   If my Python script calls sys exit 0   the shell returns  OK  If my Python script calls sys exit 1   or any non-zero integer   the shell returns  Not OK   It s your job to get clever with the shell  and read the documentation  or the source  for your script to see what the exit codes mean

User · Answer

You re looking for calls to sys exit   in the script  The argument to that method is returned to the environment as the exit code  It s fairly likely that the script is never calling the exit method  and that 0 is the default exit code

User · Answer

There is an errno module that defines standard exit codes   For example  Permission denied is error code 13   import errno  sys  if can access resource        do something   else      sys exit errno EACCES

User · Answer

I recommend a clean shutdown with the exit 0  builtin rather than using sys exit     I m not sure if this is good advice   The very documentation mentioned reads      The site module  which is imported automatically during startup  except if the -S command-line option is given  adds several constants to the built-in namespace  They are useful for the interactive interpreter shell and should not be used in programs    Then      exit code None       Objects that when printed  print a message like    Use quit   or Ctrl-D  i e  EOF  to exit     and when called  raise SystemExit with the specified exit code    If we compare it to sys exit   documentation  it s using the same mechanism which is raising a SystemExit exception

User · Answer

There is an errno module that defines standard exit codes   For example  Permission denied is error code 13   import errno  sys  if can access resource        do something   else      sys exit errno EACCES

User · Answer

The exit codes only have meaning as assigned by the script author  The Unix tradition is that exit code 0 means  success   anything else is failure  The only way to be sure what the exit codes for a given script mean is to examine the script itself

User · Answer

Operating system commands have exit codes   Look for Linux exit codes to see some material on this   The shell uses the exit codes to decide if the program worked  had problems  or failed   There are some efforts to create standard  or at least commonly-used  exit codes   See this Advanced Shell Script posting

User · Answer

Exit codes of 0 usually mean   nothing wrong here    However if the programmer of the script didn t follow convention you may have to consult the source to see what it means   Usually a non-zero value is returned as an error code

[python] Exit codes in Python

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