[sql] What is the difference between HAVING and WHERE in SQL?

When GROUP BY is not used, the WHERE and HAVING clauses are essentially equivalent.

However, when GROUP BY is used:

  • The WHERE clause is used to filter records from a result. The filtering occurs before any groupings are made.
  • The HAVING clause is used to filter values from a group (i.e., to check conditions after aggregation into groups has been performed).

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