Where can I find documentation on formatting a date in JavaScript

Question

I noticed that JavaScript s new Date   function is very smart in accepting dates in several formats   Xmas95   new Date  25 Dec  1995 23 15 00   Xmas95   new Date  2009 06 12 12 52 39   Xmas95   new Date  20 09 2006 12 52 39     I could not find documentation anywhere showing all the valid string formats while calling new Date   function   This is for converting a string to a date  If we look at the opposite side  that is  converting a date object to a string  until now I was under the impression that JavaScript doesn t have a built-in API to format a date object into a string      Editor s note  The following approach is the asker s attempt that worked on a particular browser but does not work in general  see the answers on this page to see some actual solutions    Today  I played with the toString   method on the date object and surprisingly it serves the purpose of formatting date to strings   var d1   new Date    d1 toString  yyyy-MM-dd            Returns  2009-06-29  in Internet Explorer  but not Firefox or Chrome d1 toString  dddd  MMMM  yyyy      Returns  Monday  June 29 2009  in Internet Explorer  but not Firefox or Chrome   Also here I couldn t find any documentation on all the ways we can format the date object into a string   Where is the documentation which lists the format specifiers supported by the Date   object

User · Answer

If you are already using jQuery UI in your project, you can use the built-in datepicker method for formatting your date object:

$.datepicker.formatDate('yy-mm-dd', new Date(2007, 1 - 1, 26));

However, the datepicker only formats dates, and cannot format times.

Have a look at jQuery UI datepicker formatDate, the examples.

User · Answer

We can do it manually  its pretty straight and simple    x000D   x000D  var today   new Date    x000D       x000D      alert  today    today   x000D       x000D      var dd   today getDate    x000D      alert  dd    dd   x000D       x000D      var mm   today getMonth   1    January is 0  x000D      alert  mm    mm   x000D       x000D      var yyyy   today getFullYear    x000D       x000D      alert  yyyy    yyyy   x000D       x000D       x000D      var hh   today getHours    x000D       x000D      alert  hh    hh   x000D       x000D      var min   today getMinutes    x000D       x000D     alert  min    min   x000D      x000D     var ss   today getSeconds    x000D      x000D     alert  ss    ss   x000D   x000D      if dd lt 10    x000D          dd  0  dd x000D         x000D   x000D      if mm lt 10    x000D          mm  0  mm x000D         x000D   x000D        today   mm     dd     yyyy  x000D         if you want   instead - then add   x000D     x000D     x000D    today   yyyy    -    mm    -    dd         hh         mm         ss  x000D       today   yyyy         mm         dd         hh         mm         ss  x000D          use according to your choice  x000D   x000D   x000D

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Where is the documentation which lists the format specifiers supported by the Date   object    I stumbled across this today and was quite surprised that no one took the time to answer this simple question   True  there are many libraries out there to help with date manipulation   Some are better than others   But that wasn t the question asked   AFAIK  pure JavaScript doesn t support format specifiers the way you have indicated you d like to use them   But it does support methods for formatting dates and or times  such as  toLocaleDateString     toLocaleTimeString    and  toUTCString     The Date object reference I use most frequently is on the w3schools com website  but a quick Google search will reveal many more that may better meet your needs    Also note that the Date Object Properties section provides a link to prototype  which illustrates some ways you can extend the Date object with custom methods   There has been some debate in the JavaScript community over the years about whether or not this is best practice  and I am not advocating for or against it  just pointing out its existence

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Having looked through several of the options provided in other answers  I decided to write my own limited but simple solution that others may also find useful         Format date as a string    param date - a date object  usually  new Date         param format - a string format  eg   DD-MM-YYYY     function dateFormat date  format           Calculate date parts and replace instances in format string accordingly     format   format replace  DD    date getDate    lt  10    0          date getDate        Pad with  0  if needed     format   format replace  MM    date getMonth    lt  9    0           date getMonth     1       Months are zero-based     format   format replace  YYYY   date getFullYear         return format      Example usage   console log  The date is      dateFormat new Date     DD MM YYYY

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Framework free  limited but light  var d    new Date       split            Tue    Sep    03    2013    21 54 52    GMT-0500     Central    Daylight    Time      d 3   d 1   d 2   d 4   join           2013 Sep 03 21 58 03

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x000D   x000D  d   Date now    x000D  d   new Date d   x000D  d    d getMonth   1      d getDate       d getFullYear        d getHours    gt  12   d getHours   - 12   d getHours        d getMinutes        d getHours    gt   12    PM     AM    x000D   x000D  console log d   x000D   x000D   x000D

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Personally  because I use both PHP and jQuery javascript in equal measures  I use the date function from php js http   phpjs org functions date   Using a library that uses the same format strings as something I already know is easier for me  and the manual containing all of the format string possibilities for the date function is of course online at php net  You simply include the date js file in your HTML using your preferred method then call it like this   var d1 new Date    var datestring   date  Y-m-d   d1 valueOf   1000     You can use d1 getTime   instead of valueOf   if you want  they do the same thing   The divide by 1000 of the javascript timestamp is because a javascript timestamp is in miliseconds but a PHP timestamp is in seconds

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See dtmFRM js  If you are familiar with C  s custom date and time format string  this library should do the exact same thing   DEMO   var format   new dtmFRM    var now   new Date   getTime         s2   append format ToString now  This month is   MMMM       lt  br gt         s2   append format ToString now  Year is    y or yyyy or yy       lt  br gt         s2   append format ToString now  mm yyyy dd       lt  br gt         s2   append format ToString now  dddd  MM yyyy        lt  br gt         s2   append format ToString now  Time is   hh mm ss ampm       lt  br gt         s2   append format ToString now  HH mm       lt  br gt         s2   append format ToString now   ddd MMM d dddd        lt  br gt  lt  br gt      now    11 11 2011 10 15 12         s2   append format ToString now  MM dd yyyy hh mm ss ampm       lt  br gt  lt  br gt      now    40 23 2012      s2   append format ToString now  Year is    y or yyyy or yy       lt  br gt  lt  br gt

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The functionality you cite is not standard Javascript  not likely to be portable across browsers and therefore not good practice   The ECMAScript 3 spec leaves the parse and output formats function up to the Javascript implementation   ECMAScript 5 adds a subset of ISO8601 support   I believe the toString   function you mention is an innovation in one browser  Mozilla    Several libraries provide routines to parameterize this  some with extensive localization support   You can also check out the methods in dojo date locale

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Make sure you checkout Datejs when dealing with dates in JavaScript  It s quite impressive and well documented as you can see in case of the toString function   EDIT  Tyler Forsythe points out  that datejs is outdated  I use it in my current project and hadn t any trouble with it  however you should be aware of this and consider alternatives

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Formatting and especially parsing dates in JavaScript can be a bit of a headache  Not all browsers handle dates in the same way  So while it s useful to know the base methods  its more practical to use a helper library   The XDate javascript library by Adam Shaw has been around since mid-2011 and is still under active development  It has fantastic documentation  a great API  formatting  tries to remain backwards-compatible and even supports localized strings   Link to changing the locale strings  https   gist github com 1221376

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The correct way to format a date to return  2012-12-29  is with the script from JavaScript Date Format    var d1   new Date    return d1 format  dd-m-yy      This code does NOT work   var d1   new Date    d1 toString  yyyy-MM-dd

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Many frameworks  that you might already be using  have date formatting that you may not be aware of   jQueryUI  was already mentioned  but other frameworks such as Kendo UI  Globalization   Yahoo UI  Util  and AngularJS have them as well      11 6 2000 kendo toString new Date value    d       Monday  November 06  2000 kendo toString new Date 2000  10  6    D

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Here s a function I use a lot  The result is yyyy-mm-dd hh mm ss nnn   function date and time         var date   new Date          zero-pad a single zero if needed     var zp   function  val           return  val  lt   9    0    val        val                zero-pad up to two zeroes if needed     var zp2   function val           return val  lt   99   val  lt  9   00    val    0    val          val                var d   date getDate        var m   date getMonth     1      var y   date getFullYear        var h   date getHours        var min   date getMinutes        var s   date getSeconds        var ms   date getMilliseconds        return      y    -    zp m     -    zp d          zp h          zp min          zp s          zp2 ms

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You may find useful this modification of date object  which is smaller than any library and is easily extendable to support different formats   NOTE    It uses Object keys   which is undefined in older browsers so you may need implement polyfill from given link    CODE  Date prototype format   function format           set default format if function argument not provided     format   format     YYYY-MM-DD hh mm        var zeropad   function number  length                number   number toString                length   length    2              while number length  lt  length                  number    0    number              return number                        here you can define your formats         formats                 YYYY  this getFullYear                MM  zeropad this getMonth     1               DD  zeropad this getDate                 hh  zeropad this getHours                 mm  zeropad this getMinutes                       pattern         Object keys formats  join                    return format replace new RegExp pattern   g    function match            return formats match                USE  var now   new Date  console log now format        outputs  2015-02-09 11 47 var yesterday   new Date  2015-02-08    console log yesterday format  hh mm YYYY MM DD        outputs  00 00 2015 02 08

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Example code   var d   new Date    var time   d toISOString   replace     T  d   d   d         1      Output       13 45 20

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JsSimpleDateFormat is a library that can format the date object and parse the formatted string back to Date object  It uses the Java format  SimpleDateFormat class   The name of months and days can be localized   Example   var sdf   new JsSimpleDateFormat  EEEE  MMMM dd  yyyy    var formattedString   sdf format new Date     var dateObject   sdf parse  Monday  June 29  2009

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The Short Answer  There is no    universal    documentation that javascript caters to  every browser that has javascript is really an implementation  However  there is a standard that most modern browsers tend to follow  and that   s the EMCAScript standard  the ECMAScript standard strings would take  minimally  a modified implementation of the ISO 8601 definition   In addition to this  there is a second standard set forward by the IETF that browsers tend to follow as well  which is the definition for timestamps made in the RFC 2822  Actual documentation can be found in the references list at the bottom   From this you can expect basic functionality  but what    ought    to be is not inherently what    is     I   m going to go a little in depth with this procedurally though  as it appears only three people actually answered the question  Scott  goofballLogic  and peller namely  which  to me  suggests most people are unaware of what actually happens when you create a Date object     The Long Answer     Where is the documentation which lists the format specifiers supported by the Date   object      To answer the question  or typically even look for the answer to this question  you need to know that javascript is not a novel language  it   s actually an implementation of ECMAScript  and follows the ECMAScript standards  but note  javascript also actually pre-dated those standards  EMCAScript standards are built off the early implementation of LiveScript JavaScript   The current ECMAScript standard is 5 1  2011   at the time that the question was originally asked  June    09   the standard was 3  4 was abandoned   but 5 was released shortly after the post at the end of 2009  This should outline one problem  what standard a javascript implementation may follow  may not reflect what is actually in place  because a  it   s an implementation of a given standard  b  not all implementations of a standard are puritan  and c  functionality is not released in synchronization with a new standard as d  an implementation is a constant work in progress  Essentially  when dealing with javascript  you   re dealing with a derivative  javascript specific to the browser  of an implementation  javascript itself   Google   s V8  for example  implements ECMAScript 5 0  but Internet Explorer   s JScript doesn   t attempt to conform to any ECMAScript standard  yet Internet nbsp Explorer nbsp 9 does conform to ECMAScript 5 0   When a single argument is passed to new Date    it casts this function prototype   new Date value    When two or more arguments are passed to new Date    it casts this function prototype   new Date  year  month    date    hours    minutes    seconds    ms                Both of those functions should look familiar  but this does not immediately answer your question and what quantifies as an acceptable    date format    requires further explanation  When you pass a string to new Date    it will call the prototype  note that I m using the word prototype loosely  the versions may be individual functions  or it may be part of a conditional statement in a single function  for new Date value  with your string as the argument for the    value    parameter  This function will first check whether it is a number or a string  The documentation for this function can be found here      http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 5 1  sec-15 9 3 2   From this  we can deduce that to get the string formatting allowed for new Date value   we have to look at the method Date parse string   The documentation for this method can be found here      http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 5 1  sec-15 9 4 2   And we can further infer that dates are expected to be in a modified ISO 8601 Extended Format  as specified here      http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 5 1  sec-15 9 1 15   However  we can recognize from experience that javascript   s Date object accepts other formats  enforced by the existence of this question in the first place   and this is okay because ECMAScript allows for implementation specific formats  However  that still doesn   t answer the question of what documentation is available on the available formats  nor what formats are actually allowed  We   re going to look at Google   s javascript implementation  V8  please note I   m not suggesting this is the    best    javascript engine  how can one define    best    or even    good     and one cannot assume that the formats allowed in V8 represent all formats available today  but I think it   s fair to assume they do follow modern expectations      Google   s V8  date js  DateConstructor      https   code google com p v8 source browse trunk src date js r 18400 141   Looking at the DateConstructor function  we can deduce we need to find the DateParse function  however  note that    year    is not the actual year and is only a reference to the    year    parameter      Google   s V8  date js  DateParse      https   code google com p v8 source browse trunk src date js r 18400 270   This calls  DateParseString  which is actually a run-time function reference for a C   function  It refers to the following code      Google   s V8  runtime cc   DateParseString      https   code google com p v8 source browse trunk src runtime cc r 18400 9559   The function call we   re concerned with in this function is for DateParser  Parse    ignore the logic surrounding those function calls  these are just checks to conform to the encoding type  ASCII and UC16   DateParser  Parse is defined here      Google s V8  dateparser-inl h  DateParser  Parse      https   code google com p v8 source browse trunk src dateparser-inl h r 18400 36   This is the function that actually defines what formats it accepts  Essentially  it checks for the EMCAScript 5 0 ISO 8601 standard and if it is not standards compliant  then it will attempt to build the date based on legacy formats  A few key points based on the comments    Words before the first number that are unknown to the parser are ignored  Parenthesized text are ignored  Unsigned numbers followed by         are interpreted as a    time component     Unsigned numbers followed by         are interpreted as a    time component     and must be followed by milliseconds  Signed numbers followed by the hour or hour minute  e g   5 15 or  0515  are interpreted as the timezone  When declaring the hour and minute  you can use either    hh mm    or    hhmm     Words that indicate a time zone are interpreted as a time zone  All other numbers are interpreted as    date components     All words that start with the first three digits of a month are interpreted as the month  You can define minutes and hours together in either of the two formats     hh mm    or    hhmm     Symbols like             -    and unmatched         are not allowed after a number has been processed  Items that match multiple formats  e g  1970-01-01  are processed as a standard compliant EMCAScript 5 0 ISO 8601 string    So this should be enough to give you a basic idea of what to expect when it comes to passing a string into a Date object  You can further expand upon this by looking at the following specification that Mozilla points to on the Mozilla Developer Network  compliant to the IETF RFC 2822 timestamps       http   tools ietf org html rfc2822 page-14   The Microsoft Developer Network additionally mentions an additional standard for the Date object  ECMA-402  the ECMAScript Internationalization API Specification  which is complementary to the ECMAScript 5 1 standard  and future ones   That can be found here      http   www ecma-international org ecma-402 1 0    In any case  this should aid in highlighting that there is no  documentation  that universally represents all implementations of javascript  but there is still enough documentation available to make reasonable sense of what strings are acceptable for a Date object  Quite the loaded question when you think about it  yes   P     References      http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 5 1  sec-15 9 3 2      http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 5 1  sec-15 9 4 2      http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 5 1  sec-15 9 1 15      http   tools ietf org html rfc2822 page-14      http   www ecma-international org ecma-402 1 0       https   code google com p v8 source browse trunk src date js r 18400 141      https   code google com p v8 source browse trunk src date js r 18400 270      https   code google com p v8 source browse trunk src runtime cc r 18400 9559      https   code google com p v8 source browse trunk src dateparser-inl h r 18400 36      Resources      https   developer mozilla org en-US docs Web JavaScript Reference Global Objects Date      http   msdn microsoft com en-us library ff743760 v vs 94  aspx

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If you want to show only time with two digits  this may helps you   var now   new Date    var cHour   now getHours    var cMinuts   now getMinutes    var cSeconds   now getSeconds     var outStr    cHour  lt   0     0    cHour    cHour           cMinuts  lt   9     0    cMinuts    cMinuts           cSeconds  lt   9    0    cSeconds   cSeconds

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use this functions  toTimeString   and toLocaleDateString     refer below link for more details https   developer mozilla org en-US docs Web JavaScript Reference Global Objects Date

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Just another option  which I wrote   DP DateExtensions Library  Not sure if it ll help  but I ve found it useful in several projects - looks like it ll do what you need   Supports date time formatting  date math  add subtract date parts   date compare  date parsing  etc  It s liberally open sourced   No reason to consider it if you re already using a framework  they re all capable   but if you just need to quickly add date manipulation to a project give it a chance

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I was unable to find any definitive documentation on valid date formats so I wrote my own test to see what is supported in various browsers   http   blarg co uk blog javascript-date-formats  My results concluded the following formats are valid in all browsers that I tested  examples use the date  9th August 2013      Full Year   Month   Date number  - Month can be either the number with or without a leading zero or the month name in short or long format  and date number can be with or without a leading zero    2013 08 09 2013 08 9 2013 8 09 2013 8 9 2013 August 09 2013 August 9 2013 Aug 09 2013 Aug 9    Month   Full Year   Date Number  - Month can be either the number with or without a leading zero or the month name in short or long format  and date number can be with or without a leading zero     08 2013 09 08 2013 9 8 2013 09 8 2013 9 August 2013 09 August 2013 9 Aug 2013 09 Aug 2013 9   Any combination of  Full Year    Month Name  and  Date Number  separated by spaces - Month name can be in either short or long format  and date number can be with or without a leading zero     2013 August 09 August 2013 09 09 August 2013 2013 Aug 09 Aug 9 2013 2013 9 Aug etc      Also valid in  modern browsers   or in other words all browsers except IE9 and below    Full Year - Month Number - Date Number  - Month and Date Number must include leading zeros  this is the format that the MySQL Date type uses     2013-08-09   Using month names  Interestingly  when using month names I discovered that only the first 3 characters of the month name are ever used so all the of the following are perfectly valid   new Date  9 August 2013    new Date  9 Aug 2013    new Date  9 Augu 2013    new Date  9 Augustagfsdgsd 2013

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I love 10 ways to format time and date using JavaScript and Working with Dates   Basically  you have three methods and you have to combine the strings for yourself   getDate      Returns the date getMonth      Returns the month getFullYear      Returns the year   Example    x000D   x000D  var d   new Date    x000D  var curr date   d getDate    x000D  var curr month   d getMonth     1    Months are zero based x000D  var curr year   d getFullYear    x000D  console log curr date    -    curr month    -    curr year   x000D   x000D   x000D

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The library sugar js has some great functionality for working with dates in JavaScript  And it is very well documented      Sugar gives the Date class much love starting with the Date create   method which can understand dates in just about any format in 15 major   languages  including relative formats like  1 hour ago   Dates can   also be output in any format or language using an easy to understand   syntax  with shortcuts to commonly used date formats  Complex date   comparison is also possible with methods like is  which understand any   format and apply built in precision    A few examples   Date create  July 4  1776    - gt  July 4  1776 Date create -446806800000    - gt  November 5  1955 Date create 1776  6  4       - gt  July 4  1776 Date create  1776 07 04     ja   - gt  July 4  1776 Date utc create  July 4  1776    en    - gt  July 4  1776  Date create   format   Weekday   d   Month    yyyy       - gt  Monday July 4  2003 Date create   format   hh   mm                           - gt  15 57 Date create   format   12hr   mm  tt                     - gt  3 57pm Date create   format Date ISO8601 DATETIME               - gt  2011-07-05 12 24 55 528Z  Date create   is  the 7th of June   - gt  false Date create   addMonths 2   - gt  Sunday  June 15  2014 13 39

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The specific answer to this question is found in these two lines below    x000D   x000D    pull the last two digits of the year x000D  console log new Date   getFullYear   toString   substr 2 2    x000D   x000D   x000D    Formatting Full Date Time Example  MMddyy   jsFiddle  JavaScript    x000D   x000D        A function for formatting a date to MMddyy x000D  function formatDate d  x000D    x000D        get the month x000D      var month   d getMonth    x000D        get the day x000D      var day   d getDate    x000D        get the year x000D      var year   d getFullYear    x000D       x000D        pull the last two digits of the year x000D      year   year toString   substr 2 2   x000D       x000D        increment month by 1 since it is 0 indexed x000D      month   month   1  x000D        converts month to a string x000D      month   month       x000D   x000D        if month is 1-9 pad right with a 0 for two digits x000D      if  month length    1  x000D        x000D          month    0    month  x000D        x000D   x000D        convert day to string x000D      day   day       x000D   x000D        if day is between 1-9 pad right with a 0 for two digits x000D      if  day length    1  x000D        x000D          day    0    day  x000D        x000D   x000D        return the string  MMddyy  x000D      return month   day   year  x000D    x000D   x000D  var d   new Date    x000D  console log formatDate d    x000D   x000D   x000D

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All browsers  The most reliable way to format a date with the source format you re using  is to apply the following steps     Use new Date   to create a Date object Use  getDate     getMonth   and  getFullYear   to get respectively the day  month and year Paste the pieces together according to your target format   Example     x000D   x000D  var date    2015-11-09T10 46 15 097Z   x000D   x000D  function format input    x000D      var date   new Date input   x000D      return   x000D           0    date getDate    slice -2   x000D           0     date getMonth   1   slice -2   x000D         date getFullYear   x000D        join       x000D    x000D   x000D  document body innerHTML   format date      OUTPUT   09 11 2015 x000D   x000D   x000D     See also this Fiddle      Modern browsers only  You can also use the built-in  toLocaleDateString method to do the formatting for you  You just need pass along the proper locale and options to match the right format  which unfortunately is only supported by modern browsers         x000D   x000D  var date    2015-11-09T10 46 15 097Z   x000D   x000D  function format input    x000D      return new Date input  toLocaleDateString  en-GB     x000D          year   numeric   x000D          month   2-digit   x000D          day   2-digit  x000D          x000D    x000D   x000D  document body innerHTML   format date      OUTPUT   09 11 2015 x000D   x000D   x000D     See also this Fiddle          According to the MDN   Modern browsers  means Chrome 24   Firefox 29   IE11  Edge12   Opera 15   amp  Safari nightly build

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If you don t need all the features that a library like Moment js provides  then you can use my port of strftime  It s lightweight  1 35 KB vs  57 9 KB minified compared to Moment js 2 15 0  and provides most of the functionality of strftime        Port of strftime    Compatibility notes         c - formatted string is slightly different     D - not implemented  use   m  d  y  or   d  m  y       e - space is not added     E - not implemented     h - not implemented  use   b       k - space is not added     n - not implemented  use   n       O - not implemented     r - not implemented  use   I  M  S  p       R - not implemented  use   H  M       t - not implemented  use   t       T - not implemented  use   H  M  S       U - not implemented     W - not implemented       - not implemented       - not implemented  use            strftime   reference     http   man7 org linux man-pages man3 strftime 3 html       Day of year   j  code based on Joe Orost s answer     http   stackoverflow com questions 8619879 javascript-calculate-the-day-of-the-year-1-366       Week number   V  code based on Taco van den Broek s prototype     http   techblog procurios nl k news view 33796 14863 calculate-iso-8601-week-and-year-in-javascript html     function strftime sFormat  date      if    date instanceof Date   date   new Date      var nDay   date getDay        nDate   date getDate        nMonth   date getMonth        nYear   date getFullYear        nHour   date getHours        aDays     Sunday    Monday    Tuesday    Wednesday    Thursday    Friday    Saturday        aMonths     January    February    March    April    May    June    July    August    September    October    November    December        aDayCount    0  31  59  90  120  151  181  212  243  273  304  334       isLeapYear   function           if  nYear amp 3   0  return false        return nYear 100   0    year 400   0             getThursday   function           var target   new Date date         target setDate nDate -   nDay 6  7    3         return target             zeroPad   function nNum  nPad          return        Math pow 10  nPad    nNum   slice 1            return sFormat replace    a-z  gi  function sMatch        return           a   aDays nDay  slice 0 3           A   aDays nDay           b   aMonths nMonth  slice 0 3           B   aMonths nMonth           c   date toUTCString            C   Math floor nYear 100           d   zeroPad nDate  2           e   nDate          F   date toISOString   slice 0 10           G   getThursday   getFullYear            g         getThursday   getFullYear    slice 2           H   zeroPad nHour  2           I   zeroPad  nHour 11  12   1  2           j   zeroPad aDayCount nMonth    nDate     nMonth gt 1  amp  amp  isLeapYear      1   0   3           k        nHour          l    nHour 11  12   1          m   zeroPad nMonth   1  2           M   zeroPad date getMinutes    2           p    nHour lt 12     AM     PM           P    nHour lt 12     am     pm           s   Math round date getTime   1000           S   zeroPad date getSeconds    2           u   nDay    7          V    function                   var target   getThursday                    n1stThu   target valueOf                  target setMonth 0  1                 var nJan1   target getDay                  if  nJan1   4  target setMonth 0  1     4-nJan1  7  7                 return zeroPad 1   Math ceil  n1stThu-target  604800000   2                             w        nDay          x   date toLocaleDateString            X   date toLocaleTimeString            y         nYear  slice 2           Y   nYear          z   date toTimeString   replace    GMT   -  d         1            Z   date toTimeString   replace                   1         sMatch     sMatch            Sample usage   strftime   F       Returns  2016-09-15  strftime   A   B  e   Y       Returns  Thursday  September 15  2016      You can optionally pass it a Date object     strftime   x  X   new Date  1 1 2016        Returns  1 1 2016 12 00 00 AM    The latest code is available here  https   github com thdoan strftime

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Custom formatting function   For fixed formats  a simple function make the job  Following example generate the international format YYYY-MM-DD   function dateToYMD date        var d   date getDate        var m   date getMonth     1      var y   date getFullYear        return      y    -     m lt  9    0    m   m     -     d  lt   9    0    d   d       Note  It is  however  usually not a good idea to extend the Javascript standard libraries  e g  by adding this function to the prototype of Date     A more advanced function could generate configurable output based on a format parameter  There are a couple of good examples in this same page   If to write a formatting function is too long  there are plenty of libraries around which does it  Some other answers already enumerate them  But increasing dependencies also has it counter-part   Standard ECMAScript formatting functions   Since more recent versions of ECMAscript  the Date class has some specific formatting functions      toDateString  Implementation dependent  show only the date       http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 7 0 index html sec-date prototype todatestring  new Date   toDateString       e g   Fri Nov 11 2016          toISOString  Show ISO 8601 date and time       http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 7 0 index html sec-date prototype toisostring  new Date   toISOString       e g   2016-11-21T08 00 00 000Z          toJSON  Stringifier for JSON        http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 7 0 index html sec-date prototype tojson  new Date   toJSON       e g   2016-11-21T08 00 00 000Z          toLocaleDateString  Implementation dependent  a date in locale format       http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 7 0 index html sec-date prototype tolocaledatestring  new Date   toLocaleDateString       e g   21 11 2016          toLocaleString  Implementation dependent  a date amp time in locale format       http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 7 0 index html sec-date prototype tolocalestring  new Date   toLocaleString       e g   21 11 2016  08 00 00 AM          toLocaleTimeString  Implementation dependent  a time in locale format       http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 7 0 index html sec-date prototype tolocaletimestring  new Date   toLocaleTimeString       e g   08 00 00 AM          toString  Generic toString for Date       http   www ecma-international org ecma-262 7 0 index html sec-date prototype tostring  new Date   toString       e g   Fri Nov 11 2016 08 00 00 GMT 0100  W  Europe Standard Time      Note  it is possible to generate custom output out of those formatting functions   new Date   toISOString   slice 0 10      By  Image72  return YYYY-MM-DD

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Just to continue gongzhitaao s solid answer - this handles AM PM   Date prototype format   function  format    author  meizz       var hours   this getHours        var ttime    AM       if format indexOf  t    gt  -1  amp  amp  hours  gt  12                hours   hours - 12          ttime    PM           var o          M    this getMonth     1    month      d    this getDate         day      h    hours      hour      m    this getMinutes      minute      s    this getSeconds      second      q    Math floor  this getMonth     3    3      quarter      S   this getMilliseconds      millisecond       t    ttime    if    y    test format   format   format replace RegExp  1     this getFullYear         substr 4 - RegExp  1 length    for  var k in o  if  new RegExp       k        test format       format   format replace RegExp  1        RegExp  1 length    1   o k              00    o k   substr       o k   length    return format

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DateJS is certainly full-featured  but I d recommend this MUCH simpler lib  JavaScript Date Format  which I prefer  simply because it s only 120 lines or so

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Moment js  It is a  lightweight   JavaScript date library for parsing  manipulating  and formatting dates   var a   moment  2010  1  14  15  25  50  125    a format  dddd  MMMM Do YYYY  h mm ss a        Sunday  February 14th 2010  3 25 50 pm  a format  ddd  hA                              Sun  3PM        lightweight meaning 9 3KB minified   gzipped in the smallest possible setup  feb 2014

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You can just expand the Date Object with a new format method as noted by meizz  below is the code given by the author   And here is a jsfiddle   Date prototype format   function format    author  meizz     var o          M     this getMonth   1    month      d     this getDate         day      h     this getHours        hour      m     this getMinutes      minute      s     this getSeconds      second      q     Math floor  this getMonth   3  3      quarter      S    this getMilliseconds     millisecond        if   y    test format   format format replace RegExp  1       this getFullYear       substr 4 - RegExp  1 length      for var k in o if new RegExp      k       test format       format   format replace RegExp  1        RegExp  1 length  1   o k              00   o k   substr      o k   length      return format     alert new Date   format  yyyy-MM-dd     alert new Date  january 12 2008 11 12 30   format  yyyy-MM-dd h mm ss

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I made this very simple formatter  it s cut n pastable  Updated with neater version    function DateFmt fstr      this formatString   fstr    var mthNames     Jan   Feb   Mar   Apr   May   Jun   Jul   Aug   Sep   Oct   Nov   Dec      var dayNames     Sun   Mon   Tue   Wed   Thu   Fri   Sat      var zeroPad   function number         return   0  number  substr -2 2          var dateMarkers         d   getDate  function v    return zeroPad v         m   getMonth  function v    return zeroPad v 1         n   getMonth  function v    return mthNames v           w   getDay  function v    return dayNames v           y   getFullYear        H   getHours  function v    return zeroPad v         M   getMinutes  function v    return zeroPad v         S   getSeconds  function v    return zeroPad v         i   toISOString           this format   function date        var dateTxt   this formatString replace       g  function m  p          var rv   date  dateMarkers p   0            if   dateMarkers p  1     null   rv   dateMarkers p  1  rv         return rv               return dateTxt         fmt   new DateFmt   w  d  n  y -  H  M  S   i   v   fmt format new Date      http   snipplr com view 66968 82825

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Although JavaScript gives you many great ways of formatting and calculations  I prefer using the Moment js  momentjs com  library during application development as it s very intuitive and saves a lot of time   Nonetheless  I suggest everyone to learn about the basic JavaScript API too for a better understanding

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the lazy solution is to use Date toLocaleString with the right region code to get a list of matching regions you can run    bin bash    -f bcp47 json        wget https   raw githubusercontent com pculture bcp47-json master bcp47 json  grep  tag quot      bcp47 json   cut -d  quot   -f4  gt codes txt  js   cat  lt  lt  EOF  const fs   require  fs    const d   new Date 2020  11  12  20  00  00   fs readFileSync  codes txt    utf8    split   n    forEach code   gt      try       console log code     d toLocaleString code         catch  e    console log code     e message        EOF      print THE LIST of civilized countries echo  quot  js quot    node -   grep  2020-12-12 20 00 00   and here is      THE LIST af ce eo gv ha ku kw ky lt mg rw se sn sv xh zu  ksh mgo sah wae AF KW KY LT MG RW SE SN SV  sample use   new Date    toLocaleString  af       - gt   2020-12-21 11 50 15        note  this MAY not be portable

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The answer is  nowhere  since the date formatting is proprietary functionality  I don t think the toString functions are intended to conform to a specific format  e g  in the ECMAScript 5 1 spec  http   www ecma-international org publications files ECMA-ST Ecma-262 pdf  2 8 2013  page 173   the toString function is documented as follows       The contents of the String are implementation-dependent    Functions such as the samples below could be used to accomplish formatting fairly easily   function pad toPad  padWith        return  String padWith    String toPad   slice -1   padWith length      function dateAsInputValue toFormat        if   toFormat instanceof Date   return null      return toFormat getFullYear      -    pad toFormat getMonth     1   00      -    pad toFormat getDate     00       function timeAsInputValue toFormat        if   toFormat instanceof Date   return null              return pad toFormat getHours     00           pad toFormat getMinutes     00           pad toFormat getSeconds     00

[javascript] Where can I find documentation on formatting a date in JavaScript?

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