Is there a simple way to recursively find all files in a directory hierarchy, that do not end in a list of extensions? E.g. all files that are not *.dll or *.exe
UNIX/GNU find, powerful as it is, doesn't seem to have an exclude mode (or I'm missing it), and I've always found it hard to use regular expressions to find things that don't match a particular expression.
I'm in a Windows environment (using the GnuWin32 port of most GNU tools), so I'm equally open for Windows-only solutions.
This question is related to
command-line
find
Linux/OS X:
Starting from the current directory, recursively find all files ending in .dll or .exe
find . -type f | grep -P "\.dll$|\.exe$"
Starting from the current directory, recursively find all files that DON'T end in .dll or .exe
find . -type f | grep -vP "\.dll$|\.exe$"
Notes:
(1) The P option in grep indicates that we are using the Perl style to write our regular expressions to be used in conjunction with the grep command. For the purpose of excecuting the grep command in conjunction with regular expressions, I find that the Perl style is the most powerful style around.
(2) The v option in grep instructs the shell to exclude any file that satisfies the regular expression
(3) The $ character at the end of say ".dll$" is a delimiter control character that tells the shell that the filename string ends with ".dll"
find . ! \( -name "*.exe" -o -name "*.dll" \)
one more :-)
$ ls -ltr total 10 -rw-r--r-- 1 scripter linuxdumb 47 Dec 23 14:46 test1 -rw-r--r-- 1 scripter linuxdumb 0 Jan 4 23:40 test4 -rw-r--r-- 1 scripter linuxdumb 0 Jan 4 23:40 test3 -rw-r--r-- 1 scripter linuxdumb 0 Jan 4 23:40 test2 -rw-r--r-- 1 scripter linuxdumb 0 Jan 4 23:41 file5 -rw-r--r-- 1 scripter linuxdumb 0 Jan 4 23:41 file4 -rw-r--r-- 1 scripter linuxdumb 0 Jan 4 23:41 file3 -rw-r--r-- 1 scripter linuxdumb 0 Jan 4 23:41 file2 -rw-r--r-- 1 scripter linuxdumb 0 Jan 4 23:41 file1 $ find . -type f ! -name "*1" ! -name "*2" -print ./test3 ./test4 ./file3 ./file4 ./file5 $
Other solutions on this page aren't desirable if you have a long list of extensions -- maintaining a long sequence of -not -name 'this' -not -name 'that' -not -name 'other' would be tedious and error-prone -- or if the search is programmatic and the list of extensions is built at runtime.
For those situations, a solution that more clearly separates data (the list of extensions) and code (the parameters to find) may be desirable. Given a directory & file structure that looks like this:
.
+-- a
+-- 1.txt
+-- 15.xml
+-- 8.dll
+-- b
¦ +-- 16.xml
¦ +-- 2.txt
¦ +-- 9.dll
¦ +-- c
¦ +-- 10.dll
¦ +-- 17.xml
¦ +-- 3.txt
+-- d
¦ +-- 11.dll
¦ +-- 18.xml
¦ +-- 4.txt
¦ +-- e
¦ +-- 12.dll
¦ +-- 19.xml
¦ +-- 5.txt
+-- f
+-- 13.dll
+-- 20.xml
+-- 6.txt
+-- g
+-- 14.dll
+-- 21.xml
+-- 7.txt
You can do something like this:
## data section, list undesired extensions here
declare -a _BADEXT=(xml dll)
## code section, this never changes
BADEXT="$( IFS="|" ; echo "${_BADEXT[*]}" | sed 's/|/\\|/g' )"
find . -type f ! -regex ".*\.\($BADEXT\)"
Which results in:
./a/1.txt
./a/b/2.txt
./a/b/c/3.txt
./a/d/4.txt
./a/d/e/5.txt
./a/f/6.txt
./a/f/g/7.txt
You can change the extensions list without changing the code block.
NOTE doesn't work with native OSX find - use gnu find instead.
You could do something using the grep command:
find . | grep -v '(dll|exe)$'
The -v flag on grep specifically means "find things that don't match this expression."
$ find . -name \*.exe -o -name \*.dll -o -print
The first two -name options have no -print option, so they skipped. Everything else is printed.
find /data1/batch/source/export -type f -not -name "*.dll" -not -name "*.exe"
Source: Stackoverflow.com