Using suggestions from answers on this page and this other one (ANT_HOME is set incorrectly or ant could not be located), the ultimate fix was the following:
Adding a ANT_HOME environment variable that points to the ROOT directory of your Apache ant directory location. (Not the bin sub-dir!)
Adding a JAVA_HOME environment variable that points to the ROOT directory of your Java JDK (or SDK) directory location. (NOT your JRE and not the bin sub-dir!)
Appended %ANT_HOME%\bin;%JAVA_HOME%\bin to the PATH environment variable.
Make sure you close any command window(s) that were open prior to the changes above. Only command windows opened after the changes will have the updated environment variables.