How to split a string in Java

Question

I have a string   004-034556   that I want to split into two strings   string1  004   string2  034556     That means the first string will contain the characters before  -   and the second string will contain the characters after  -   I also want to check if the string has  -  in it  If not  I will throw an exception  How can I do this

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This leaves the regexes issue out of question    But we must remember that each character in the Delimiter String is treated    like a single delimiter          public static String   SplitUsingTokenizer String subject  String delimiters       StringTokenizer strTkn   new StringTokenizer subject  delimiters      ArrayList lt String gt  arrLis   new ArrayList lt String gt  subject length         while strTkn hasMoreTokens          arrLis add strTkn nextToken         return arrLis toArray new String 0

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I looked at all the answers and noticed that all are either 3rd party-licenced or regex-based  Here is a good dumb implementation I use         Separates a string into pieces using    case-sensitive-non-regex-char-separators      lt p gt      amp nbsp  amp nbsp  lt code gt separate  quot 12-34 quot    -      quot 12 quot    quot 34 quot  lt  code gt  lt br gt      amp nbsp  amp nbsp  lt code gt separate  quot a-b- quot    -      quot a quot    quot b quot    quot  quot  lt  code gt      lt p gt     When the separator is the first character in the string  the first result is    an empty string  When the separator is the last character in the string the    last element will be an empty string  One separator after another in the    string will create an empty      lt p gt     If no separators are set the source is returned      lt p gt     This method is very fast  but it does not focus on memory-efficiency  The memory    consumption is approximately double the size of the string  This method is    thread-safe but not synchronized         param source    The string to split  never  lt code gt null lt  code gt       param separator The character to use as splitting      return The mutable array of pieces      throws NullPointerException When the source or separators are  lt code gt null lt  code gt       public final static String   separate String source  char    separator  throws NullPointerException       String   resultArray           boolean multiSeparators   separator length  gt  1      if   multiSeparators            if  separator length    0                return new String     source                        int charIndex   source length        int lastSeparator   source length        while  charIndex--  gt  -1            if  charIndex  lt  0     multiSeparators   Arrays binarySearch separator  source charAt charIndex    gt   0   source charAt charIndex     separator 0                  String piece   source substring charIndex   1  lastSeparator               lastSeparator   charIndex              String   tmp   new String resultArray length   1               System arraycopy resultArray  0  tmp  1  resultArray length               tmp 0    piece              resultArray   tmp                      return resultArray

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An alternative to processing the string directly would be to use a regular expression with capturing groups  This has the advantage that it makes it straightforward to imply more sophisticated constraints on the input  For example  the following splits the string into two parts  and ensures that both consist only of digits   import java util regex Pattern  import java util regex Matcher   class SplitExample       private static Pattern twopart   Pattern compile     d  -   d           public static void checkString String s                Matcher m   twopart matcher s           if  m matches                  System out println s     matches  first part is     m group 1                                      second part is     m group 2                    else               System out println s     does not match                          public static void main String   args            checkString  123-4567            checkString  foo-bar            checkString  123-            checkString  -4567            checkString  123-4567-890              As the pattern is fixed in this instance  it can be compiled in advance and stored as a static member  initialised at class load time in the example   The regular expression is     d  -  d     The parentheses denote the capturing groups  the string that matched that part of the regexp can be accessed by the Match group   method  as shown  The  d matches and single decimal digit  and the   means  match one or more of the previous expression   The - has no special meaning  so just matches that character in the input  Note that you need to double-escape the backslashes when writing this as a Java string  Some other examples     A-Z   -  A-Z                Each part consists of only capital letters     -   -   -                  Each part consists of characters other than -   A-Z  2  -  d                The first part is exactly two capital letters                                the second consists of digits

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You can use Split     import java io     public class Splitting        public static void main String args                  String Str   new String  004-034556            String   SplittoArray   Str split  -            String string1   SplittoArray 0           String string2   SplittoArray 1             Else  you can use StringTokenizer   import java util    public class Splitting       public static void main String   args                StringTokenizer Str   new StringTokenizer  004-034556            String string1   Str nextToken  -            String string2   Str nextToken  -

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String   out   string split  quot - quot     should do the thing you want  The string class has many method to operate with a string

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To summarize  there are at least five ways to split a string in Java    String split     String   parts   10 20  split        Pattern compile regexp  splitAsStream input    List lt String gt  strings   Pattern compile               splitAsStream  010 020202          collect Collectors toList      StringTokenizer  legacy class    StringTokenizer strings   new StringTokenizer  Welcome to EXPLAINJAVA COM          while strings hasMoreTokens         String substring   strings nextToken        System out println substring      Google Guava Splitter   Iterable lt String gt  result   Splitter on      split  1 2 3 4     Apache Commons StringUtils   String   strings   StringUtils split  1 2 3 4            So you can choose the best option for you depending on what you need  e g  return type  array  list  or iterable    Here is a big overview of these methods and the most common examples  how to split by dot  slash  question mark  etc

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Assuming  that   you don t really need regular expressions for your split you happen to already use apache commons lang in your app   The easiest way is to use StringUtils split java lang String  char   That s more convenient than the one provided by Java out of the box if you don t need regular expressions  Like its manual says  it works like this   A null input String returns null    StringUtils split null               null  StringUtils split                        StringUtils split  a b c               a    b    c    StringUtils split  a  b c              a    b    c    StringUtils split  a b c               a b c    StringUtils split  a b c               a    b    c     I would recommend using commong-lang  since usually it contains a lot of stuff that s usable  However  if you don t need it for anything else than doing a split  then implementing yourself or escaping the regex is a better option

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You can split a string by a line break by using the following statement   String textStr     yourString split    r   n      You can split a string by a hyphen character by using the following statement   String textStr     yourString split  -

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From the documentation      public String   split String regex int limit  Splits this string around matches of the given regular expression  The array returned by this method contains each   substring of this string that is terminated by another substring that   matches the given expression or is terminated by the end of the   string  The substrings in the array are in the order in which they   occur in this string  If the expression does not match any part of the   input then the resulting array has just one element  namely this   string    Basically you can do something like this   String s    123-456-789-123      The String to be split String   array   s split  -       Split according to the hyphen and put them in an array for String subString   array      Cycle through the array    System out println subString       Output   123 456 789 123

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You can use the method split   public class Demo       public static void main String args              String str    004-034556            if   str contains  -                   String   temp   str split  -                for  String part temp                    System out println part                                   else               System out println str     does not contain   -

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You can try like this also   String concatenated String  hi Hello     String split string array   concatenated String split

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public class SplitTest        public static String   split String text  String delimiter            java util List lt String gt  parts   new java util ArrayList lt String gt              text    delimiter           for  int i   text indexOf delimiter   j 0  i    -1                 String temp   text substring j i               if temp trim   length      0                    parts add temp                             j   i   delimiter length                i   text indexOf delimiter j                      return parts toArray new String 0                public static void main String   args            String str    004-034556           String delimiter    -           String result     split str  delimiter           for String s result              System out println s

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String Split with multiple characters using Regex  public class StringSplitTest        public static void main String args              String s      String  String  String  String  String  String  String String  String  String   String String String String             String   strs   s split      s                String   strs   s split                    System out println  Substrings length   strs length           for  int i 0  i  lt  strs length  i                  System out println  Str   i      strs i                           Output   Substrings length 17 Str 0   Str 1  String Str 2   String Str 3   String Str 4   String Str 5   String Str 6   String Str 7   Str 8  String Str 9  String Str 10   String Str 11   String Str 12   Str 13  String Str 14  String Str 15  String Str 16  String   But do not expect the same output across all JDK versions  I have seen one bug which exists in some JDK versions where the first null string has been ignored  This bug is not present in the latest JDK version  but it exists in some versions between JDK 1 7 late versions and 1 8 early versions

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I used a string called stringValue and is in the form of something like this  Those who had coins  enjoyed in the rain  those who had notes were busy looking for the shelter    I will split up the stringValue using the     as the colon   And then I would simply like to SetText   of three different TextViews to display that string   String stringValue    Those who had coins  enjoyed in the rain  those who had notes were busy looking for the shelter   String ValueSplitByColon     stringValue split        String firstValue   ValueSplitByColon 0   String secondValue   ValueSplitByColon 1   String thirdValue   ValueSplitByColon 2    txtV1 setText firstValue   txtV2 setText secondValue  txtV3 setText thirdValue    It gives the output as    The txtV1 value is  Those who had coins The txtV2 value is  enjoyed in the rain The txtV3 value is  those who had notes were busy looking for the shelter

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One way to do this is to run through the String in a for-each loop and use the required split character   public class StringSplitTest        public static void main String   arg           String str    004-034556           String split     str split  -            System out println  The split parts of the String are            for String s split          System out println s             Output   The split parts of the String are  004 034556

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String str  004-034556  String   sTemp str split  -       -  is a delimiter  string1 004    sTemp 0   string2 034556  sTemp 1

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There are only two methods you really need to consider   Use String split for a one-character delimiter or you don t care about performance  If performance is not an issue  or if the delimiter is a single character that is not a regular expression special character  i e   not one of               then you can use String split   String   results   input split         The split method has an optimization to avoid using a regular expression if the delimeter is a single character and not in the above list  Otherwise  it has to compile a regular expression  and this is not ideal   Use Pattern split and precompile the pattern if using a complex delimiter and you care about performance   If performance is an issue  and your delimiter is not one of the above  you should pre-compile a regular expression pattern which you can then reuse      Save this somewhere Pattern pattern   Pattern compile                    later String   results   pattern split input     This last option still creates a new Matcher object  You can also cache this object and reset it for each input for maximum performance  but that is somewhat more complicated and not thread-safe

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Please don t use StringTokenizer class as it is a legacy class that is retained for compatibility reasons  and its use is discouraged in new code  And we can make use of the split method as suggested by others as well   String   sampleTokens    004-034556  split  -    System out println Arrays toString sampleTokens      And as expected it will print    004  034556    In this answer I also want to point out one change that has taken place for split method in Java 8  The String split   method makes use of Pattern split  and now it will remove empty strings at the start of the result array  Notice this change in documentation for Java 8      When there is a positive-width match at the beginning of the input   sequence then an empty leading substring is included at the beginning   of the resulting array  A zero-width match at the beginning however   never produces such empty leading substring    It means for the following example   String   sampleTokensAgain    004  split      System out println Arrays toString sampleTokensAgain      we will get three strings   0  0  4  and not four as was the case in Java 7 and before  Also check this similar question

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To split a string  uses String split regex   Review the following examples   String data    004-034556   String   output   data split  -    System out println output 0    System out println output 1      Output  004 034556   Note   This split  regex  takes a regex as an argument  Remember to escape the regex special characters  like period dot

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Sometimes if you want to split string containing   then it won t split  instead you will get a runtime error  In that case  first replace   to   and then split    this text text replace                        String temp   text split

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String s  004-034556   for int i 0 i lt s length   i          if s charAt i    -                 System out println s substring 0 i            System out println s substring i 1                 As mentioned by everyone  split   is the best option which may be used in your case  An alternative method can be using substring

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import java io     public class BreakString      public static void main String args           String string    004-034556-1234-2341       String   parts   string split  -         for int i 0 i lt parts length i            System out println parts i

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I just wanted to write an algorithm instead of using Java built-in functions   public static List lt String gt  split String str  char c       List lt String gt  list   new ArrayList lt  gt         StringBuilder sb   new StringBuilder         for  int i   0  i  lt  str length    i             if str charAt i     c               sb append str charAt i                      else              if sb length    gt  0                   list add sb toString                     sb   new StringBuilder                                       if sb length    gt 0           list add sb toString               return list

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For simple use cases String split   should do the job  If you use guava  there is also a Splitter class which allows chaining of different string operations and supports CharMatcher   Splitter on  -           trimResults           omitEmptyStrings           split string

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The fastest way  which also consumes the least resource could be   String s    abc-def   int p   s indexOf  -    if  p  gt   0        String left   s substring 0  p       String right   s substring p   1     else        s does not contain  -

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With Java 8       List lt String gt  stringList   Pattern compile  -                splitAsStream  004-034556                collect Collectors toList          stringList forEach s - gt  System out println s

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To split a string  use String split regex    String phone    004-034556   String   output   phone split  -    System out println output 0    System out println output 1      Output   004 034556

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The requirements left room for interpretation  I recommend writing a method   public final static String   mySplit final String s    which encapsulate this function  Of course you can use String split     as mentioned in the other answers for the implementation   You should write some unit-tests for input strings and the desired results and behaviour   Good test candidates should include    -  0022-3333   -  -   -  5555-   -  -333   -  3344-   -  --   -     -  553535   -  333-333-33   -  222--222   -  222--   -  --4555    With defining the according test results  you can specify the behaviour   For example  if  -333  should return in   333  or if it is an error  Can  333-333-33  be separated in  333 333-33  or  333-333 33  or is it an error  And so on

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Use  String   result   yourString split  quot - quot    if  result length    2        throw new IllegalArgumentException  quot String not in correct format quot     This will split your string into two parts  The first element in the array will be the part containing the stuff before the -  and the second element in the array will contain the part of your string after the -  If the array length is not 2  then the string was not in the format  string-string  Check out the split   method in the String class

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Just use the appropriate method  String split     String string    004-034556   String   parts   string split  -    String part1   parts 0      004 String part2   parts 1      034556   Note that this takes a regular expression  so remember to escape special characters if necessary      there are 12 characters with special meanings  the backslash    the caret    the dollar sign    the period or dot    the vertical bar or pipe symbol    the question mark    the asterisk or star    the plus sign    the opening parenthesis    the closing parenthesis    and the opening square bracket    the opening curly brace    These special characters are often called  metacharacters     So  if you want to split on e g  period dot   which means  any character  in regex  use either backslash   to escape the individual special character like so split         or use character class    to represent literal character s  like so split         or use Pattern quote   to escape the entire string like so split Pattern quote         String   parts   string split Pattern quote           Split on period    To test beforehand if the string contains certain character s   just use String contains     if  string contains  -             Split it    else       throw new IllegalArgumentException  String     string     does not contain -        Note  this does not take a regular expression  For that  use String matches   instead   If you d like to retain the split character in the resulting parts  then make use of positive lookaround  In case you want to have the split character to end up in left hand side  use positive lookbehind by prefixing   lt   group on the pattern   String string    004-034556   String   parts   string split     lt  -     String part1   parts 0      004- String part2   parts 1      034556   In case you want to have the split character to end up in right hand side  use positive lookahead by prefixing    group on the pattern   String string    004-034556   String   parts   string split     -     String part1   parts 0      004 String part2   parts 1      -034556   If you d like to limit the number of resulting parts  then you can supply the desired number as 2nd argument of split   method    String string    004-034556-42   String   parts   string split  -   2   String part1   parts 0      004 String part2   parts 1      034556-42

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You can simply use StringTokenizer to split a string in two or more parts whether there are any type of delimiters   StringTokenizer st   new StringTokenizer  004-034556    -    while st hasMoreTokens          System out println st nextToken

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Check out the split   method in the String class on javadoc      https   docs oracle com javase 7 docs api java lang String html split java lang String    String data    004-034556-1212-232-232   int cnt   1  for  String item   data split  -              System out println  string   cnt       item           cnt        Here many examples for split string but I little code optimized

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Here are two ways two achieve it   WAY 1  As you have to split two numbers by a special character you can use regex  import java util regex Matcher  import java util regex Pattern   public class TrialClass       public static void main String   args                Pattern p   Pattern compile   0-9              Matcher m   p matcher  004-034556             while m find                          System out println m group                         WAY 2  Using the string split method  public class TrialClass       public static void main String   args                String temp    004-034556           String    arrString   temp split  -            for String splitString arrString                        System out println splitString

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Use org apache commons lang StringUtils  split method which can split strings based on the character or string you want to split   Method signature    public static String   split String str  char separatorChar     In your case  you want to split a string when there is a  -    You can simply do as follows   String str    004-034556    String split     StringUtils split str  -      Output   004 034556   Assume that if - does not exists in your string  it returns the given string  and you will not get any exception

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String string    004 034556-34    String   parts   string split Pattern quote          If you have a special character then you can use Patter quote  If you simply have dash  -  then you can shorten the code    String string    004-34    String   parts   string split  -      If you try to add other special character in place of dash     then the error will generate ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException  For that you have to use Pattern quote

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