[ruby-on-rails] How to rollback a specific migration?

From Rails Guide

Reverting Previous Migrations

You can use Active Record's ability to rollback migrations using the revert method:

require_relative '20100905201547_create_blocks'

class FixupCreateBlock < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    revert CreateBlock

    create_table(:apples) do |t|
      t.string :variety
    end
  end
end

The revert method also accepts a block of instructions to reverse. This could be useful to revert selected parts of previous migrations. For example, let's imagine that CreateBlock is committed and it is later decided it would be best to use Active Record validations, in place of the CHECK constraint, to verify the zipcode.

    class DontUseConstraintForZipcodeValidationMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
      def change
        revert do
          # copy-pasted code from CreateBlock
          reversible do |dir|
            dir.up do
              # add a CHECK constraint
              execute <<-SQL
                ALTER TABLE distributors
                  ADD CONSTRAINT zipchk
                    CHECK (char_length(zipcode) = 5);
              SQL
            end
            dir.down do
              execute <<-SQL
                ALTER TABLE distributors
                  DROP CONSTRAINT zipchk
              SQL
            end
          end

          # The rest of the migration was ok
        end
      end
    end

The same migration could also have been written without using revert but this would have involved a few more steps: reversing the order of create_table and reversible, replacing create_table by drop_table, and finally replacing up by down and vice-versa. This is all taken care of by revert.

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