As mentioned by Klap "android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1 is a reference to an built-in XML layout document that is part of the Android OS"
All the layouts are located in: sdk\platforms\android-xx\data\res\layout
To view the XML of layout :
Eclipse: Simply type android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1 somewhere in code, hold Ctrl, hover over simple_list_item_1, and from the dropdown that appears select "Open declaration in layout/simple_list_item_1.xml". It'll direct you to the contents of the XML.
Android Studio: Project Window -> External Libraries -> Android X Platform -> res -> layout, and here you will see a list of available layouts.