How to get character array from a string

Question

How do you convert a string to a character array in JavaScript   I m thinking getting a string like  Hello world   to the array    H   e   l   l   o       w   o   r   l   d

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It already is    x000D   x000D  var mystring    foobar   x000D  console log mystring 0       Outputs  f  x000D  console log mystring 3       Outputs  b  x000D   x000D   x000D    Or for a more older browser friendly version  use    x000D   x000D  var mystring    foobar   x000D  console log mystring charAt 3       Outputs  b  x000D   x000D   x000D

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You can also use Array from   x000D   x000D  var m    Hello world    console log Array from m   x000D   x000D   x000D   This method has been introduced in ES6  Reference Array from

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You can iterate over the length of the string and push the character at each position    x000D   x000D  const str    Hello World   x000D   x000D  const stringToArray    text    gt    x000D    var chars       x000D    for  var i   0  i  lt  text length  i      x000D      chars push text i    x000D      x000D    return chars x000D    x000D   x000D  console log stringToArray str   x000D   x000D   x000D

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This is an old question but I came across another solution not yet listed   You can use the Object assign function to get the desired output    x000D   x000D  var output   Object assign      Hello  world     x000D  console log output   x000D            H    e    l    l    o              w    o    r    l    d         x000D   x000D   x000D    Not necessarily right or wrong  just another option   Object assign is described well at the MDN site

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simple answer    x000D   x000D  let str    this is string  length is  gt 26   x000D   x000D  console log     str    x000D   x000D   x000D

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There are  at least  three different things you might conceive of as a  character   and consequently  three different categories of approach you might want to use   Splitting into UTF-16 code units  JavaScript strings were originally invented as sequences of UTF-16 code units  back at a point in history when there was a one-to-one relationship between UTF-16 code units and Unicode code points  The  length property of a string measures its length in UTF-16 code units  and when you do someString i  you get the ith UTF-16 code unit of someString   Consequently  you can get an array of UTF-16 code units from a string by using a C-style for-loop with an index variable      x000D   x000D  const yourString    Hello  World    x000D  const charArray       x000D  for  let i 0  i lt  yourString length  i      x000D      charArray push yourString i    x000D    x000D  console log charArray   x000D   x000D   x000D    There are also various short ways to achieve the same thing  like using  split   with the empty string as a separator    x000D   x000D  const charArray    Hello  World   split      x000D  console log charArray   x000D   x000D   x000D    However  if your string contains code points that are made up of multiple UTF-16 code units  this will split them into individual code units  which may not be what you want  For instance  the string    is made up of four unicode code points  code points 0x1D7D8 through 0x1D7DB  which  in UTF-16  are each made up of two UTF-16 code units  If we split that string using the methods above  we ll get an array of eight code units    x000D   x000D  const yourString       x000D  console log  First code unit    yourString 0    x000D  const charArray   yourString split      x000D  console log  charArray    charArray   x000D   x000D   x000D    Splitting into Unicode Code Points  So  perhaps we want to instead split our string into Unicode Code Points  That s been possible since ECMAScript 2015 added the concept of an iterable to the language  Strings are now iterables  and when you iterate over them  e g  with a for   of loop   you get Unicode code points  not UTF-16 code units    x000D   x000D  const yourString       x000D  const charArray       x000D  for  const char of yourString    x000D    charArray push char   x000D    x000D  console log charArray   x000D   x000D   x000D    We can shorten this using Array from  which iterates over the iterable it s passed implicitly    x000D   x000D  const yourString       x000D  const charArray   Array from yourString   x000D  console log charArray   x000D   x000D   x000D    However  unicode code points are not the largest possible thing that could possibly be considered a  character  either  Some examples of things that could reasonably be considered a single  character  but be made up of multiple code points include    Accented characters  if the accent is applied with a combining code point Flags Some emojis   We can see below that if we try to convert a string with such characters into an array via the iteration mechanism above  the characters end up broken up in the resulting array   In case any of the characters don t render on your system  yourString below consists of a capital A with an acute accent  followed by the flag of the United Kingdom  followed by a black woman     x000D   x000D  const yourString    A     x000D  const charArray   Array from yourString   x000D  console log charArray   x000D   x000D   x000D    If we want to keep each of these as a single item in our final array  then we need an array of graphemes  not code points   Splitting into graphemes  JavaScript has no built-in support for this - at least not yet  So we need a library that understands and implements the Unicode rules for what combination of code points constitute a grapheme  Fortunately  one exists  orling s grapheme-splitter  You ll want to install it with npm or  if you re not using npm  download the index js file and serve it with a  lt script gt  tag  For this demo  I ll load it from jsDelivr   grapheme-splitter gives us a GraphemeSplitter class with three methods  splitGraphemes  iterateGraphemes  and countGraphemes  Naturally  we want splitGraphemes    x000D   x000D  const splitter   new GraphemeSplitter    x000D  const yourString    A     x000D  const charArray   splitter splitGraphemes yourString   x000D  console log charArray   x000D   lt script src  https   cdn jsdelivr net npm grapheme-splitter 1 0 4 index js  gt  lt  script gt  x000D   x000D   x000D    And there we are - an array of three graphemes  which is probably what you wanted

User · Answer

One possibility is the next   console log  1  2  3  map e   gt  Math random   toString 36  slice 2   join     split     map e   gt  Math random    gt  0 5   e toUpperCase     e  join

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The spread Syntax  You can use the spread syntax  an Array Initializer introduced in ECMAScript 2015  ES6  standard   var arr       str       Examples   x000D   x000D  function a     x000D      return arguments  x000D    x000D   x000D  var str    Hello World   x000D   x000D  var arr1       str   x000D      arr2        Hello World    x000D      arr3   new Array    str   x000D      arr4   a    str   x000D   x000D  console log arr1  arr2  arr3  arr4   x000D   x000D   x000D    The first three result in     H    e    l    l    o         W    o    r    l    d     The last one results in   0   H   1   e   2   l   3   l   4   o   5       6   W   7   o   8   r   9   l   10   d       Browser Support  Check the ECMAScript ES6 compatibility table     Further reading   MDN  Spread operator ECMAScript 2015  ES6   12 2 5 Array Initializer   spread is also referenced as  splat   e g  in PHP or Ruby or as  scatter   e g  in Python      Demo  Try before buy

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Note  This is not unicode compliant   IU  split     results in the   4 character array   I              u   which can lead to dangerous   bugs  See answers below for safe alternatives    Just split it by an empty string     x000D   x000D  var output    Hello world   split      x000D  console log output   x000D   x000D   x000D    See the String prototype split   MDN docs

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How about this   function stringToArray string      let length   string length    let array   new Array length     while  length--        array length    string length         return array

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Array prototype slice will do the work as well    x000D   x000D  const result   Array prototype slice call  Hello world     x000D  console log result   x000D   x000D   x000D

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As hippietrail suggests  meder s answer can break surrogate pairs and misinterpret    characters     For example   x000D   x000D     DO NOT USE THIS  const a      split      console log a   x000D   x000D   x000D   I suggest using one of the following ES2015 features to correctly handle these character sequences  Spread syntax  already answered by insertusernamehere   x000D   x000D  const a            console log a   x000D   x000D   x000D   Array from  x000D   x000D  const a   Array from      console log a   x000D   x000D   x000D   RegExp u flag  x000D   x000D  const a      split       s S   u   console log a   x000D   x000D   x000D   Use       s S   u instead of        u because   does not match newlines  If you are still in ES5 1 era  or if your browser doesn t handle this regex correctly - like Edge   you can use the following alternative  transpiled by Babel   Note  that Babel tries to also handle unmatched surrogates correctly  However  this doesn t seem to work for unmatched low surrogates   x000D   x000D  const a      split          0- uD7FF uE000- uFFFF    uD800- uDBFF   uDC00- uDFFF    uD800- uDBFF      uDC00- uDFFF         uD800- uDBFF      uDC00- uDFFF       console log a   x000D   x000D   x000D   Reduce method  already answered by Mark Amery   x000D   x000D  const s       const a       for  const s2 of s       a push s2     console log a   x000D   x000D   x000D

User · Answer

The ES6 way to split a string into an array character-wise is by using the spread operator  It is simple and nice  array       myString     Example   x000D   x000D  let myString    Hello world   array       myString   console log array       another example   console log      another splitted text     x000D   x000D   x000D

[javascript] How to get character array from a string?

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