[html] HTML5 best practices; section/header/aside/article elements

The main mistake: You have "divitis" in the whole document.
Why this?

<header>
    <div id="logo"></div>
    <div id="language"></div>
</header>

Instead of:

<header role="banner">
    <!-- Not the best -->
    <h1 id="logo"></h1> <!-- or <figure> and <figcaption>, or <h1> and <p>... -->
    <h2 id="language"></h2>

    <!-- Better, if the IDs have not semantic sense -->
    <h1></h1>
    <h2></h2>
</header>

To stylize this header, use CSS hierarchy: body > section > header > h1, body > section > header > h2

More, ...line 63: why header wraps h2?? If you do not include any more element inside header, just use a single h2.
Keep in mind, your structure is not to stylize document, but construct a document self-explained.

Apply this to the rest of document; Good luck ;)