How to fix a header on scroll

Question

I am creating a header that once scrolled to a certain amount of pixels it fixes and stays in place    Can I do this using just css and html or do i need jquery too    I have created a demo so you can understand  Any help would be great   http   jsfiddle net gxRC9 4   body      margin 0px      padding 0px     clear      clear both     container      height 2000px     cover-photo-container  width 700px  height  348px  margin-bottom  20px  background-color red      small-box      width 163px      height 100px      border 1px solid blue      float left      sticky-header      width 700px      height 50px      background orange      postion fixed

User · Answer

document  ready function         var div     header        var start   div  offset   top         event add window  scroll  function            var p   window  scrollTop              div  css  position   p gt start   fixed   static              div  css  top   p gt start   0px                       It works perfectly

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If you are using React I recently published a custom hook which enables you to do this  You need to supply a ref to the sticky element as well as a ref to the element you want it to stick to the top of  It handles the screen  quot jump quot   as mentioned in other responses  for you as well  const sticky   useRef lt HTMLDivElement gt  null  const container   useRef lt HTMLDivElement gt  null   useStickyScroll       element  sticky      container  container

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Coop s answer is excellent  However it depends on jQuery  here is a version that has no dependencies   HTML   lt div id  sticky  class  sticky  gt  lt  div gt    CSS   sticky     width  100      fixed     position  fixed    top 0      JS  This uses eyelidlessness s answer for finding offsets in Vanilla JS    function findOffset element      var top   0  left   0     do       top    element offsetTop     0      left    element offsetLeft    0      element   element offsetParent      while element      return       top  top      left  left         window onload   function        var stickyHeader   document getElementById  sticky      var headerOffset   findOffset stickyHeader      window onscroll   function            body scrollTop is deprecated and no longer available on Firefox     var bodyScrollTop   document documentElement scrollTop    document body scrollTop       if  bodyScrollTop  gt  headerOffset top          stickyHeader classList add  fixed          else         stickyHeader classList remove  fixed                    Example  https   jsbin com walabebita edit html css js output

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Glorious  Pure-HTML CSS Solution  In 2019 with CSS3 you can do this without Javascript at all  I frequently make sticky headers like this    x000D   x000D  body   x000D    overflow-y  auto  x000D    margin  0  x000D    x000D   x000D  header   x000D    position  sticky     Allocates space for the element  but moves it with you when you scroll    x000D    top  0     specifies the start position for the sticky behavior - 0 is pretty common    x000D    width  100   x000D    padding  5px 0 5px 15px  x000D    color  white  x000D    background-color   337AB7  x000D    margin  0  x000D    x000D   x000D  h1   x000D    margin  0  x000D    x000D   x000D  div big   x000D    width  100   x000D    min-height  150vh  x000D    background-color   1ABB9C  x000D    padding  10px  x000D    x000D   lt body gt  x000D   lt header gt  lt h1 gt Testquest lt  h1 gt  lt  header gt  x000D   lt div class  big  gt Just something big enough to scroll on lt  div gt  x000D   lt  body gt  x000D   x000D   x000D

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Or just simply add a span tag with the height of the fixed header set as its height then insert it next to the sticky header     function       var  span height       fixed-header   height    var  span tag     lt span style  display block  height      span height    px  gt  lt  span gt           fixed-header   after  span tag

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Just building on Rich s answer  which uses offset   I modified this as follows    There was no need for the var  sticky in Rich s example  it wasn t doing anything I ve moved the offset check into a separate function  and called it on document ready as well as on scroll so if the page refreshes with the scroll half-way down the page  it resizes straight-away without having to wait for a scroll trigger  jQuery document  ready function         var offset        header    offset        checkOffset           window  scroll function             checkOffset                 function checkOffset             if     document  scrollTop    gt  offset top                   header   addClass  fixed              else                   header   removeClass  fixed

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Coops answer is a good  simple solution  however  once you apply the fixed class the page becomes that much shorter and content will  jump  up  and if page is of a length where the scroll distance is less than the height of the header element  it will appear to jump and not let you see the bottom of the page    The answer I found was to add a spacer div above the element that will become fixed  nav element in my case   and set it to the same height as the nav element  and set it to display none   When adding the  fixed class to the nav  show the  nav-spacer div  and when removing it  hide it   Since the height of the page changes instantly I have set the duration to 0   HTML   lt header gt the element above the element that will become fixed lt  header gt   lt div class  nav-spacer  gt  lt  div gt   lt nav gt  lt  nav gt    CSS  nav       position  relative          height  100px     nav-spacer      position  relative      height  100px      display  none     fixed       position  fixed      top 0      left 0      width  100          I like to add a shadow on to the fixed element        -webkit-box-shadow  0px 5px 10px 1px rgba 0 0 0 0 25       -moz-box-shadow  0px 5px 10px 1px rgba 0 0 0 0 25       box-shadow  0px 5px 10px 1px rgba 0 0 0 0 25       JavaScript  var stickyOffset      nav   offset   top     window  scroll function        if    window  scrollTop    gt   stickyOffset              nav   addClass  fixed              this makes the page length equal to what it was before fixing nav             nav-spacer   show 0              else              nav   removeClass  fixed                nav-spacer   hide 0

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custom scroll Header Fixed in shopify     window  scroll function      var sticky       site-header          scroll     window  scrollTop       if  scroll  gt   100  sticky addClass  fixed      else sticky removeClass  fixed         css    header site-header border-bottom logo--left fixed       position  fixed      top  0      left  0      right  0      z-index  9

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The simplest way is  HTML   lt header gt           lt h1 gt Website lt  h1 gt   lt  header gt   CSS  header      position  sticky      top  0

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The chosen solution did not fit well in my page  So this is a more advanced version that works with bootstrap   The javascript  var stickyOffset       sticky-header   offset   top     window  scroll function          var sticky       sticky-header            scroll     window  scrollTop            header       fixed-header-background        sticky each function             var left     this  offset   left            this  data  left   left    I store the left offset              if  scroll  gt   stickyOffset            sticky addClass  fixed            header css  display    block            sticky each function                   this  css  left     this  data  left      I set the left offset                   else           sticky removeClass  fixed            header css  display    none            sticky each function                    this  css  left         I remove the left offset                         The CSS   fixed-header-background       display  none       position  fixed      top  50px      width  100       height  30px      background-color   fff      z-index  5      border-bottom-style  solid      border-bottom-color   dedede      border-bottom-width  2px      fixed       position  fixed      top  52px      z-index  6      And the HTML       lt div class  fixed-header-background  gt  lt  div gt   lt table class  table table-hover table-condensed  gt           lt thead gt               lt tr gt                   lt th gt  lt  th gt                   lt th gt  lt span class  sticky-header  gt My header 1 lt  span gt  lt  th gt                   lt th gt  lt span class  sticky-header  gt My header 2 lt  span gt  lt  th gt               lt  tr gt           lt  thead gt           lt tbody gt                   lt  tbody gt       lt  table gt

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I have modified the Coop s answer  Please check the example FIDDLE Here s my edits     window  scroll function      if    window  scrollTop    gt   330            sticky-header   addClass  fixed            else           sticky-header   removeClass  fixed

User · Answer

Hopefully this one piece of an alternate solution will be as valuable to someone else as it was for me    Situation  In an HTML5 page I had a menu that was a nav element inside a header  not THE header but a header in another element   I wanted the navigation to stick to the top once a user scrolled to it  but previous to this the header was absolute positioned  so I could have it overlay something else slightly   The solutions above never triggered a change because  offsetTop was not going to change as this was an absolute positioned element  Additionally the  scrollTop property was simply the top of the top most element    that is to say 0 and always would be 0  Any tests I performed utilizing these two  and same with getBoundingClientRect results  would not tell me if the top of the navigation bar ever scrolled to the top of the viewable page  again  as reported in console  they simply stayed the same numbers while scrolling occurred     Solution  The solution for me was utilizing   window visualViewport pageTop   The value of the pageTop property reflects the viewable section of the screen  therefore allowing me to track where an element is in reference to the boundaries of the viewable area  This allowed a simple function assigned to the scroll event of the window to detect when the top of the navigation bar intersected with the top of the viewable area and apply the styling to make it stick to the top   Probably unnecessary to say  anytime I am dealing with scrolling I expect to use this solution to programatically respond to movement of elements being scrolled    Hope it helps someone else

User · Answer

You need some JS to do scroll events  The best way to do this is to set a new CSS class for the fixed position that will get assigned to the relevant div when scrolling goes past a certain point   HTML   lt div class  sticky  gt  lt  div gt    CSS   fixed       position  fixed      top 0  left 0      width  100       jQuery    window  scroll function      var sticky       sticky          scroll     window  scrollTop       if  scroll  gt   100  sticky addClass  fixed      else sticky removeClass  fixed          Example fiddle  http   jsfiddle net gxRC9 501     EDIT  Extended example  If the trigger point is unknown but should be whenever the sticky element reaches the top of the screen  offset   top can be used   var stickyOffset       sticky   offset   top     window  scroll function      var sticky       sticky          scroll     window  scrollTop       if  scroll  gt   stickyOffset  sticky addClass  fixed      else sticky removeClass  fixed          Extended example fiddle  http   jsfiddle net gxRC9 502

User · Answer

I know Coop has already answered this question  but here is a version which also tracks where in the document the div is  rather than relying on a static value   http   jsfiddle net gxRC9 16   Javascript  var offset        sticky-header    offset    var sticky   document getElementById  sticky-header      window  scroll function          if      body   scrollTop    gt  offset top               sticky-header   addClass  fixed          else                sticky-header   removeClass  fixed                  CSS   fixed       position  fixed      top  0px

[jquery] How to fix a header on scroll

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