I want to know how I can see exactly what the cron jobs are doing on each execution. Where are the log files located? Or can I send the output to my email? I have set the email address to send the log when the cron job runs but I haven't received anything yet.
There are at least three different types of logging:
The logging BEFORE the program is executed, which only logs IF the cronjob TRIED to execute the command. That one is located in /var/log/syslog, as already mentioned by @Matthew Lock.
The logging of errors AFTER the program tried to execute, which can be sent to an email or to a file, as mentioned by @Spliffster. I prefer logging to a file, because with email THEN you have a NEW source of problems, and its checking if email sending and reception is working perfectly. Sometimes it is, sometimes it's not. For example, in a simple common desktop machine in which you are not interested in configuring an smtp, sometimes you will prefer logging to a file:
* * * * COMMAND_ABSOLUTE_PATH > /ABSOLUTE_PATH_TO_LOG 2>&1
There are some common sources of problems with cronjobs: * The ABSOLUTE PATH of the binary to be executed. When you run it from your shell, it might work, but the cron process seems to use another environment, and hence it doesn't always find binaries if you don't use the absolute path. * The LIBRARIES used by a binary. It's more or less the same previous point, but make sure that, if simply putting the NAME of the command, is referring to exactly the binary which uses the very same library, or better, check if the binary you are referring with the absolute path is the very same you refer when you use the console directly. The binaries can be found using the locate command, for example:
$locate python
Be sure that the binary you will refer, is the very same the binary you are calling in your shell, or simply test again in your shell using the absolute path that you plan to put in the cronjob.
Incase you're running some command with sudo, it won't allow it. Sudo needs a tty.
On Ubuntu you can enable a cron.log file to contain just the CRON entries.
Uncomment the line that mentions cron in /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf file:
# Default rules for rsyslog.
#
# For more information see rsyslog.conf(5) and /etc/rsyslog.conf
#
# First some standard log files. Log by facility.
#
auth,authpriv.* /var/log/auth.log
*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/syslog
#cron.* /var/log/cron.log
Save and close the file and then restart the rsyslog service:
sudo systemctl restart rsyslog
You can now see cron log entries in its own file:
sudo tail -f /var/log/cron.log
Sample outputs:
Jul 18 07:05:01 machine-host-name CRON[13638]: (root) CMD (command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1)
However, you will not see more information about what scripts were actually run inside /etc/cron.daily or /etc/cron.hourly, unless those scripts direct output to the cron.log (or perhaps to some other log file).
If you want to verify if a crontab is running and not have to search for it in cron.log or syslog, create a crontab that redirects output to a log file of your choice - something like:
# For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)
#
# m h dom mon dow command
30 2 * * 1 /usr/local/sbin/certbot-auto renew >> /var/log/le-renew.log 2>&1
Steps taken from: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-create-cron-log-file-to-log-crontab-logs-in-ubuntu-linux/
If you'd still like to check your cron jobs you should provide a valid email account when setting the Cron jobs in cPanel.
When you specify a valid email you will receive the output of the cron job that is executed. Thus you will be able to check it and make sure everything has been executed correctly. Note that you will not receive an email if there is no output from the cron job command.
Please bear in mind that you will receive an email for each of the executed cron jobs. This may flood your inbox in case your crons run too often
cron already sends the standard output and standard error of every job it runs by mail to the owner of the cron job.
You can use MAILTO=recipient in the crontab file to have the emails sent to a different account.
For this to work, you need to have mail working properly. Delivering to a local mailbox is usually not a problem (in fact, chances are ls -l "$MAIL" will reveal that you have already been receiving some) but getting it off the box and out onto the internet requires the MTA (Postfix, Sendmail, what have you) to be properly configured to connect to the world.
If there is no output, no email will be generated.
A common arrangement is to redirect output to a file, in which case of course the cron daemon won't see the job return any output. A variant is to redirect standard output to a file (or write the script so it never prints anything - perhaps it stores results in a database instead, or performs maintenance tasks which simply don't output anything?) and only receive an email if there is an error message.
To redirect both output streams, the syntax is
42 17 * * * script >>stdout.log 2>>stderr.log
Notice how we append (double >>) instead of overwrite, so that any previous job's output is not replaced by the next one's.
As suggested in many answers here, you can have both output streams be sent to a single file; replace the second redirection with 2>&1 to say "standard error should go wherever standard output is going". (But I don't particularly endorse this practice. It mainly makes sense if you don't really expect anything on standard output, but may have overlooked something, perhaps coming from an external tool which is called from your script.)
cron jobs run in your home directory, so any relative file names should be relative to that. If you want to write outside of your home directory, you obviously need to separately make sure you have write access to that destination file.
A common antipattern is to redirect everything to /dev/null (and then ask Stack Overflow to help you figure out what went wrong when something is not working; but we can't see the lost output, either!)
From within your script, make sure to keep regular output (actual results, ideally in machine-readable form) and diagnostics (usually formatted for a human reader) separate. In a shell script,
echo "$results" # regular results go to stdout
echo "$0: something went wrong" >&2
Some platforms (and e.g. GNU Awk) allow you to use the file name /dev/stderr for error messages, but this is not properly portable; in Perl, warn and die print to standard error; in Python, write to sys.stderr, or use logging; in Ruby, try $stderr.puts. Notice also how error messages should include the name of the script which produced the diagnostic message.
By default cron logs to /var/log/syslog so you can see cron related entries by using:
grep CRON /var/log/syslog
https://askubuntu.com/questions/56683/where-is-the-cron-crontab-log
Here is my code:
* * * * * your_script_fullpath >> your_log_path 2>&1
Source: Stackoverflow.com