I'm looking for a counter-part of git commit --amend
in Mercurial, i.e. a way to modify the commit which my working copy is linked to. I'm only interested in the last commit, not an arbitrary earlier commit.
The requirements for this amend-procedure are:
if possible, it should not require any extensions. It must not require non-default extensions, i.e. extensions which do not come with an official Mercurial installation.
if the commit to amend is one head of my current branch, no new head should be created. If the commit is not head, a new head may be created.
the procedure should be safe in a way that if for whatever reasons the amending fails, I want to have the same working copy and repository state restored as before the amending. With other words, if the amending itself can fail, there should be a fail-safe procedure to restore the working copy and repository state. I'm referring to "failures" which lie in the nature of the amend-procedure (like e.g. conflicts), not to file-system-related problems (like access restrictions, not being able to lock a file for writing, ...)
Update (1):
Update (2):
This question is related to
mercurial
commit
git-amend
mercurial-commit
I'm tuning into what krtek has written. More specifically solution 1:
Assumptions:
Solution:
hg rollback
to undo the last commitThe rollback really undoes the last operation. Its way of working is quite simple: normal operations in HG will only append to files; this includes a commit. Mercurial keeps track of the file lengths of the last transaction and can therefore completely undo one step by truncating the files back to their old lengths.
Another solution could be use the uncommit
command to exclude specific file from current commit.
hg uncommit [file/directory]
This is very helpful when you want to keep current commit and deselect some files from commit (especially helpful for files/directories
have been deleted).
Assuming that you have not yet propagated your changes, here is what you can do.
Add to your .hgrc:
[extensions]
mq =
In your repository:
hg qimport -r0:tip
hg qpop -a
Of course you need not start with revision zero or pop all patches, for the last just one pop (hg qpop
) suffices (see below).
remove the last entry in the .hg/patches/series
file, or the patches you do not like. Reordering is possible too.
hg qpush -a; hg qfinish -a
.diff
files (unapplied patches) still in .hg/patches (should be one in your case).If you don't want to take back all of your patch, you can edit it by using hg qimport -r0:tip
(or similar), then edit stuff and use hg qrefresh
to merge the changes into the topmost patch on your stack. Read hg help qrefresh
.
By editing .hg/patches/series
, you can even remove several patches, or reorder some. If your last revision is 99, you may just use hg qimport -r98:tip; hg qpop; [edit series file]; hg qpush -a; hg qfinish -a
.
Of course, this procedure is highly discouraged and risky. Make a backup of everything before you do this!
As a sidenote, I've done it zillions of times on private-only repositories.
You have 3 options to edit commits in Mercurial:
hg strip --keep --rev -1
undo the last (1) commit(s), so you can do it again (see this answer for more information).
Using the MQ extension, which is shipped with Mercurial
Even if it isn't shipped with Mercurial, the Histedit extension is worth mentioning
You can also have a look on the Editing History page of the Mercurial wiki.
In short, editing history is really hard and discouraged. And if you've already pushed your changes, there's barely nothing you can do, except if you have total control of all the other clones.
I'm not really familiar with the git commit --amend
command, but AFAIK, Histedit is what seems to be the closest approach, but sadly it isn't shipped with Mercurial. MQ is really complicated to use, but you can do nearly anything with it.
Might not solve all the problems in the original question, but since this seems to be the de facto post on how mercurial can amend to previous commit, I'll add my 2 cents worth of information.
If you are like me, and only wish to modify the previous commit message (fix a typo etc) without adding any files, this will work
hg commit -X 'glob:**' --amend
Without any include or exclude patterns hg commit
will by default include all files in working directory. Applying pattern -X 'glob:**'
will exclude all possible files, allowing only to modify the commit message.
Functionally it is same as git commit --amend
when there are no files in index/stage.
Recent versions of Mercurial include the evolve
extension which provides the hg amend
command. This allows amending a commit without losing the pre-amend history in your version control.
hg amend [OPTION]... [FILE]...
aliases: refresh
combine a changeset with updates and replace it with a new one
Commits a new changeset incorporating both the changes to the given files and all the changes from the current parent changeset into the repository. See 'hg commit' for details about committing changes. If you don't specify -m, the parent's message will be reused. Behind the scenes, Mercurial first commits the update as a regular child of the current parent. Then it creates a new commit on the parent's parents with the updated contents. Then it changes the working copy parent to this new combined changeset. Finally, the old changeset and its update are hidden from 'hg log' (unless you use --hidden with log).
See https://www.mercurial-scm.org/doc/evolution/user-guide.html#example-3-amend-a-changeset-with-evolve for a complete description of the evolve
extension.
hg commit --amend
:This also works from TortoiseHG's GUI (I'm using v2.5):
Swich to the 'Commit' view or, in the workbench view, select the 'working directory' entry. The 'Commit' button has an option named 'Amend current revision' (click the button's drop-down arrow to find it).
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Caveat emptor:
This extra option will only be enabled if the mercurial version is at least 2.2.0, and if the current revision is not public, is not a patch and has no children. [...]
Clicking the button will call 'commit --amend' to 'amend' the revision.
More info about this on the THG dev channel
Source: Stackoverflow.com