It also happens when the view returned by onCreateView() isn't the view that was inflated.
Example:
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false);
TextView textView = (TextView) rootView.findViewById(R.id.text_view);
textView.setText("Some text.");
return textView;
Fix:
return rootView;
Instead of:
return textView; // or whatever you returned