[r] How to upgrade R in ubuntu?

Since R is already installed, you should be able to upgrade it with this method. First of all, you may want to have the packages you installed in the previous version in the new one,so it is convenient to check this post. Then, follow the instructions from here

1. Open the sources.list file:

    sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list    
   

2. Add a line with the source from where the packages will be retrieved. For example:

    deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/ubuntu/ version/
   

   Replace https://cloud.r-project.org with whatever mirror you would like to use, and replace version/ with whatever version of Ubuntu you are using (eg, trusty/, xenial/, and so on). If you're getting a "Malformed line error", check to see if you have a space between /ubuntu/ and version/.

3. Fetch the secure APT key:

    gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-key E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9
   

or

    gpg --hkp://keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-key E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9

4. Add it to keyring:

    gpg -a --export E084DAB9 | sudo apt-key add -
   

5. Update your sources and upgrade your installation:

    sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
   

6. Install the new version

    sudo apt-get install r-base-dev
   

7. Recover your old packages following the solution that best suits to you (see this). For instance, to recover all the packages (not only those from CRAN) the idea is:

-- copy the packages from R-oldversion/library to R-newversion/library, (do not overwrite a package if it already exists in the new version!).

-- Run the R command update.packages(checkBuilt=TRUE, ask=FALSE).