Python Requests throwing SSLError

Question

I m working on a simple script that involves CAS  jspring security check  redirection  etc   I would like to use Kenneth Reitz s python requests because it s a great piece of work   However  CAS requires getting validated via SSL so I have to get past that step first   I don t know what Python requests is wanting   Where is this SSL certificate supposed to reside   Traceback  most recent call last     File    test py   line 24  in  lt module gt    response   requests get url1  headers headers    File  build bdist linux-x86 64 egg requests api py   line 52  in get   File  build bdist linux-x86 64 egg requests api py   line 40  in request   File  build bdist linux-x86 64 egg requests sessions py   line 209  in request    File  build bdist linux-x86 64 egg requests models py   line 624  in send   File  build bdist linux-x86 64 egg requests models py   line 300  in  build response   File  build bdist linux-x86 64 egg requests models py   line 611  in send requests exceptions SSLError   Errno 1   ssl c 503  error 14090086 SSL routines SSL3 GET SERVER CERTIFICATE certificate verify failed

User · Answer

I have found an specific approach for solving a similar issue. The idea is pointing the cacert file stored at the system and used by another ssl based applications.

In Debian (I'm not sure if same in other distributions) the certificate files (.pem) are stored at /etc/ssl/certs/ So, this is the code that work for me:

import requests
verify='/etc/ssl/certs/cacert.org.pem'
response = requests.get('https://lists.cacert.org', verify=verify)

For guessing what pem file choose, I have browse to the url and check which Certificate Authority (CA) has generated the certificate.

EDIT: if you cannot edit the code (because you are running a third app) you can try to add the pem certificate directly into /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/requests/cacert.pem (e.g. copying it to the end of the file).

User · Answer

This is just another way you can try to solve the issue  If you put  quot www example com quot   requests shouts at you  If you put  quot https   www example com quot   you get this error  So if you DO NOT NEED https  you can avoid the error by changing  quot https quot  to  quot http quot   eg   quot http   www example com quot  WARNING  Not using HTTPS is generally not a good idea  See Why HTTPS for Everything  Why HTTPS matters

User · Answer

I was having a similar or the same certification validation problem   I read that OpenSSL versions less than 1 0 2  which requests depends upon sometimes have trouble validating strong certificates  see here    CentOS 7 seems to use 1 0 1e which seems to have the problem     I wasn t sure how to get around this problem on CentOS  so I decided to allow weaker 1024bit CA certificates     import certifi   This should be already installed as a dependency of  requests  requests get  https   example com   verify certifi old where

User · Answer

In my case the reason was fairly trivial   I had known that the SSL verification had worked until a few days earlier  and was infact working on a different machine   My next step was to compare the certificate contents and size between the machine on which verification was working  and the one on which it was not    This quickly led to me determining that the Certificate on the  incorrectly  working machine was not good  and once I replaced it with the  good  cert  everything was fine

User · Answer

I fought this problem for HOURS     I tried to update requests   Then I updated certifi   I pointed verify to certifi where    The code does this by default anyways    Nothing worked   Finally I updated my version of python to python 2 7 11   I was on Python 2 7 5 which had some incompatibilities with the way that the certificates are verified   Once I updated Python  and a handful of other dependencies  it started working

User · Answer

The name of CA file to use you could pass via verify   cafile    cacert pem    http   curl haxx se ca cacert pem r   requests get url  verify cafile    If you use verify True then requests uses its own CA set that might not have CA that signed your server certificate

User · Answer

If you don t bother about certificate just use verify False   import requests  url    Write your url here   returnResponse   requests get url  verify False

User · Answer

There is currently an issue in the requests module causing this error  present in v2 6 2 to v2 12 4  ATOW   https   github com kennethreitz requests issues 2573  Workaround for this issue is adding the following line  requests packages urllib3 util ssl  DEFAULT CIPHERS    ECDH AESGCM DH AESGCM ECDH AES256 DH AES256 ECDH AES128 DH AES ECDH 3DES DH 3DES RSA AESGCM RSA AES RSA 3DES  aNULL  MD5  DSS

User · Answer

If the request calls are buried somewhere deep in the code and you do not want to install the server certificate  then  just for debug purposes only  it s possible to monkeypatch requests   import requests api import warnings   def requestspatch method  url    kwargs       kwargs  verify     False     return  origcall method  url    kwargs    origcall   requests api request requests api request   requestspatch warnings warn  Patched requests  SSL verification disabled      Never use in production

User · Answer

It is not feasible to add options if requests is being called from another package  In that case adding certificates to the cacert bundle is the straight path  e g  I had to add  StartCom Class 1 Primary Intermediate Server CA   for which I downloaded the root cert into StartComClass1 pem  given my virtualenv is named caldav  I added the certificate with   cat StartComClass1 pem  gt  gt   virtualenvs caldav lib python2 7 site-packages pip  vendor requests cacert pem cat temp StartComClass1 pem  gt  gt   virtualenvs caldav lib python2 7 site-packages requests cacert pem   one of those might be enough  I did not check

User · Answer

If you want to remove the warnings  use the code below   import urllib3  urllib3 disable warnings     and verify False with request get or post method

User · Answer

The problem you are having is caused by an untrusted SSL certificate   Like  dirk mentioned in a previous comment  the quickest fix is setting verify False   requests get  https   example com   verify False    Please note that this will cause the certificate not to be verified  This will expose your application to security risks  such as man-in-the-middle attacks    Of course  apply judgment  As mentioned in the comments  this may be acceptable for quick throwaway applications scripts  but really should not go to production software    If just skipping the certificate check is not acceptable in your particular context  consider the following options  your best option is to set the verify parameter to a string that is the path of the  pem file of the certificate  which you should obtain by some sort of secure means    So  as of version 2 0  the verify parameter accepts the following values  with their respective semantics    True  causes the certificate to validated against the library s own trusted certificate authorities  Note  you can see which Root Certificates Requests uses via the Certifi library  a trust database of RCs extracted from Requests  Certifi - Trust Database for Humans   False  bypasses certificate validation completely  Path to a CA BUNDLE file for Requests to use to validate the certificates    Source  Requests - SSL Cert Verification  Also take a look at the cert parameter on the same link

User · Answer

This is similar to  rafael-almeida  s answer  but I want to point out that as of requests 2 11   there are not 3 values that verify can take  there are actually 4    True  validates against requests s internal trusted CAs  False  bypasses certificate validation completely   Not recommended  Path to a CA BUNDLE file   requests will use this to validate the server s certificates  Path to a directory containing public certificate files   requests will use this to validate the server s certificates    The rest of my answer is about  4  how to use a directory containing certificates to validate   Obtain the public certificates needed and place them in a directory     Strictly speaking  you probably  should  use an out-of-band method of obtaining the certificates  but you could also just download them using any browser     If the server uses a certificate chain  be sure to obtain every single certificate in the chain   According to the requests documentation  the directory containing the certificates must first be processed with the  rehash  utility  openssl rehash       This requires openssl 1 1 1   and not all Windows openssl implementations support rehash   If openssl rehash won t work for you  you could try running the rehash ruby script at https   github com ruby openssl blob master sample c rehash rb   though I haven t tried this     I had some trouble with getting requests to recognize my certificates  but after I used the openssl x509 -outform PEM command to convert the certs to Base64  pem format  everything worked perfectly   You can also just do lazy rehashing   try        As long as the certificates in the certs directory are in the OS s certificate store   verify True  is fine      return requests get url  auth auth  verify True  except requests exceptions SSLError      subprocess run f openssl rehash -compat -v my certs dir   shell True  check True      return requests get url  auth auth  verify  my certs dir

User · Answer

I encountered the same issue and ssl certificate verify failed issue when using aws boto3  by review boto3 code  I found the REQUESTS CA BUNDLE is not set  so I fixed the both issue by setting it manually   from boto3 session import Session import os    debian os environ  REQUESTS CA BUNDLE     os path join        etc ssl certs         ca-certificates crt     centos      ca-bundle crt     For aws-cli  I guess setting REQUESTS CA BUNDLE in    bashrc will fix this issue  not tested because my aws-cli works without it    REQUESTS CA BUNDLE  etc ssl certs ca-certificates crt   ca-bundle crt export REQUESTS CA BUNDLE

User · Answer

As mentioned by  Rafael Almeida  the problem you are having is caused by an untrusted SSL certificate  In my case  the SSL certificate was untrusted by my server  To get around this without compromising security  I downloaded the certificate  and installed it on the server  by simply double clicking on the  crt file and then Install Certificate

User · Answer

As pointed out by others  this problem  quot is caused by an untrusted SSL certificate quot   My answer is based on the top-rated answer and this answer  You can test the certificate using curl  curl -vvI https   example com  If an error returns  you have 3 options   For a quick fix  you could just not verify the certificate   requests get  https   example com   verify False    Pass the path to the CA BUNDLE file or directory with certificates of trusted CAs   requests get  https   example com   verify   path to certfile     If you have access to  fix the web server certificate   My problem was because I was using only my site s certificate  not the intermediate  a k a  chain  certificate  If you are using Let s Encrypt  you should use the fullchain pem file  not cert pem

User · Answer

pip install -U requests security    Tested on Python 2 7 6   Ubuntu 14 04 4 LTS Tested on Python 2 7 5   MacOSX 10 9 5  Mavericks    When this question was opened  2012-05  the Requests version was 0 13 1  On version 2 4 1  2014-09  the  security  extras were introduced  using certifi package if available    Right now  2016-09  the main version is 2 11 1  that works good without verify False  No need to use requests get url  verify False   if installed with requests security  extras

User · Answer

I face the same problem using gspread and these commands works for me   sudo pip uninstall -y certifi sudo pip install certifi  2015 04 28

User · Answer

I had to upgrade from Python 3 4 0 to 3 4 6  pyenv virtualenv 3 4 6 myvenv pyenv activate myvenv pip install -r requirements txt

User · Answer

After hours of debugging I could only get this to work using the following packages   requests security   2 7 0    not 2 18 1 cryptography  1 9    not 2 0   using OpenSSL 1 0 2g  1 Mar 2016  Without these packages verify False was not working   I hope this helps someone

User · Answer

In case you have a library that relies on requests and you cannot modify the verify path  like with pyvmomi  then you ll have to find the cacert pem bundled with requests and append your CA there  Here s a generic approach to find the cacert pem location   windows  C   gt python -c  import requests  print requests certs where    c  Python27 lib site-packages requests-2 8 1-py2 7 egg requests cacert pem   linux      py2 7 5 requests 2 7 0  verify not enforced  root host     python -c  import requests  print requests certs where     usr lib python2 7 dist-packages certifi cacert pem      py2 7 10  verify enforced  root host     python -c  import requests  print requests certs where     usr local lib python2 7 dist-packages requests cacert pem   btw   requests-devs  bundling your own cacerts with request is really  really annoying    especially the fact that you do not seem to use the system ca store first and this is not documented anywhere   update  in situations  where you re using a library and have no control over the ca-bundle location you could also explicitly set the ca-bundle location to be your host-wide ca-bundle   REQUESTS CA BUNDLE  etc ssl certs ca-bundle crt python -c  import requests  requests get  https   somesite com

User · Answer

I ran into the same issue  Turns out I hadn t installed the intermediate certificate on my server  just append it to the bottom of your certificate as seen below    https   www digicert com ssl-support pem-ssl-creation htm  Make sure you have the ca-certificates package installed   sudo apt-get install ca-certificates   Updating the time may also resolve this   sudo apt-get install ntpdate sudo ntpdate -u ntp ubuntu com   If you re using a self-signed certificate  you ll probably have to add it to your system manually

User · Answer

Too late to the party I guess but I wanted to paste the fix for fellow wanderers like myself  So the following worked out for me on Python 3 7 x  Type the following in your terminal   pip install --upgrade certifi        hold your breath     Try running your script requests again and see if it works  I m sure it won t be fixed yet    If it didn t work then try running the following command in the terminal directly  open  Applications Python  3 6 Install  Certificates command    please replace 3 6 here with your suitable python version

User · Answer

From requests documentation on SSL verification      Requests can verify SSL certificates for HTTPS requests  just like a web browser  To check a host   s SSL certificate  you can use the verify argument     gt  gt  gt  requests get  https   kennethreitz com   verify True    If you don t want to verify your SSL certificate  make verify False

[python] Python Requests throwing SSLError

Examples related to python

Examples related to ssl

Examples related to python-requests

Examples related to urllib3