[node.js] How to make node.js require absolute? (instead of relative)

I would like to require my files always by the root of my project and not relative to the current module.

For example if you look at https://github.com/visionmedia/express/blob/2820f2227de0229c5d7f28009aa432f9f3a7b5f9/examples/downloads/app.js line 6 you will see

express = require('../../')

That's really bad IMO. Imagine I would like to put all my examples closer to the root only by one level. That would be impossible, because I would have to update more than 30 examples and many times within each example. To this:

express = require('../')

My solution would be to have a special case for root based: if a string starts with an $ then it's relative to the root folder of the project.

Any help is appreciated, thanks

Update 2

Now I'm using require.js which allows you to write in one way and works both on client and on server. Require.js also allows you to create custom paths.

Update 3

Now I moved to webpack + gulp and I use enhanced-require to handle modules on the server side. See here the rationale: http://hackhat.com/p/110/module-loader-webpack-vs-requirejs-vs-browserify/

If you're using ES5 syntax you may use asapp. For ES6 you may use babel-plugin-module-resolver using a config file like this:

.babelrc

{
  "plugins": [
    ["module-resolver", {
      "root": ["./"],
      "alias": {
        "app": "./app",
        "config": "./app/config",
        "schema": "./app/db/schemas",
        "model": "./app/db/models",
        "controller": "./app/http/controllers",
        "middleware": "./app/http/middleware",
        "route": "./app/http/routes",
        "locale": "./app/locales",
        "log": "./app/logs",
        "library": "./app/utilities/libraries",
        "helper": "./app/utilities/helpers",
        "view": "./app/views"
      }
    }]
  ]
}

In simple lines, u can call your own folder as module :

For that we need: global and app-module-path module

here "App-module-path" is the module ,it enables you to add additional directories to the Node.js module search path And "global" is, anything that you attach to this object will b available everywhere in your app.

Now take a look at this snippet:

global.appBasePath = __dirname;

require('app-module-path').addPath(appBasePath);

__dirname is current running directory of node.You can give your own path here to search the path for module.

Just came across this article which mentions app-module-path. It allows you to configure a base like this:

require('app-module-path').addPath(baseDir);

IMHO, the easiest way is to define your own function as part of GLOBAL object. Create projRequire.js in the root of you project with the following contents:

var projectDir = __dirname;

module.exports = GLOBAL.projRequire = function(module) {
  return require(projectDir + module);
}

In your main file before requireing any of project-specific modules:

// init projRequire
require('./projRequire');

After that following works for me:

// main file
projRequire('/lib/lol');

// index.js at projectDir/lib/lol/index.js
console.log('Ok');

---

@Totty, I've comed up with another solution, which could work for case you described in comments. Description gonna be tl;dr, so I better show a picture with structure of my test project.

If you are using yarn instead of npm you can use workspaces.

Let's say I have a folder services I wish to require more easily:

.
+-- app.js
+-- node_modules
+-- test
+-- services
¦   +-- foo
¦   +-- bar
+-- package.json

To create a Yarn workspace, create a package.json file inside the services folder:

{
  "name": "myservices",
  "version": "1.0.0"
}

In your main package.json add:

"private": true,
"workspaces": ["myservices"]

Run yarn install from the root of the project.

Then, anywhere in your code, you can do:

const { myFunc } = require('myservices/foo')

instead of something like:

const { myFunc } = require('../../../../../../services/foo')

What I like to do is leverage how node loads from the node_module directory for this.

If one tries to load the module "thing", one would do something like

require('thing');

Node will then look for the 'thing' directory in the 'node_module' directory.

Since the node_module is normally at the root of the project, we can leverage this consistency. (If node_module is not at the root, then you have other self induced headaches to deal with.)

If we go into the directory and then back out of it, we can get a consistent path to the root of the node project.

require('thing/../../');

Then if we want to access the /happy directory, we would do this.

require('thing/../../happy');

Though it is quite a bit hacky, however I feel if the functionality of how node_modules load changes, there will be bigger problems to deal with. This behavior should remain consistent.

To make things clear, I do this, because the name of module does not matter.

require('root/../../happy');

I used it recently for angular2. I want to load a service from the root.

import {MyService} from 'root/../../app/services/http/my.service';

Whilst these answers work they do not address the problem with npm test

If, for example, I create a global variable in server.js, it will not be set for my test suite execution.

To set a global appRoot variable that will avoid the ../../../ problem and will be available in both npm start AND npm test see:

Mocha tests with extra options or parameters

Note that this is the new official mocha solution.

Many good answers here already. That just shows this is a common problem without clear-cut best solution. Best would be native support in Node.js of course. Here's what I use currently:

const r  = p => require (process.cwd() + p);
let see  = r ('/Subs/SubA/someFile.js' );
let see2 = r ('/Subs/SubB/someFile2.js');
...

I like this solution because the requires-section becomes shorter, no need to type 'require' many times. The main benefit of absolute paths is you can copy them from file to file without having to adjust them like you would with relative paths. Therefore copying also the extra one-liner arrow-function 'r()' is not too much extra work either. And no need to import extra npm-dependencies just to accomplish this very simple task.

We are about to try a new way to tackle this problem.

Taking examples from other known projects like spring and guice, we will define a "context" object which will contain all the "require" statement.

This object will then be passed to all other modules for use.

For example

var context = {}

context.module1 = require("./module1")( { "context" : context } )
context.module2 = require("./module2")( { "context" : context } )

This requires us to write each module as a function that receives opts, which looks to us as a best practice anyway..

module.exports = function(context){ ... }

and then you will refer to the context instead of requiring stuff.

var module1Ref = context.moduel1;

If you want to, you can easily write a loop to do the require statements

var context = {};
var beans = {"module1" : "./module1","module2" : "./module2" }; 
for ( var i in beans ){
    if ( beans.hasOwnProperty(i)){
         context[i] = require(beans[i])(context);
    }
};

This should make life easier when you want to mock (tests) and also solves your problem along the way while making your code reusable as a package.

You can also reuse the context initialization code by separating the beans declaration from it. for example, your main.js file could look like so

var beans = { ... }; // like before
var context = require("context")(beans); // this example assumes context is a node_module since it is reused.. 

This method also applies to external libraries, no need to hard code their names every time we require them - however it will require a special treatment as their exports are not functions that expect context..

Later on we can also define beans as functions - which will allow us to require different modules according to the environment - but that it out of this thread's scope.

Just want to follow up on the great answer from Paolo Moretti and Browserify. If you are using a transpiler (e.g., babel, typescript) and you have separate folders for source and transpiled code like src/ and dist/, you could use a variation of the solutions as

node_modules

With the following directory structure:

app
  node_modules
    ... // normal npm dependencies for app
  src
    node_modules
      app
        ... // source code
  dist
    node_modules
      app
        ... // transpiled code

you can then let babel etc to transpile src directory to dist directory.

symlink

Using symlink we can get rid some levels of nesting:

app
  node_modules
    ... // normal npm dependencies for app
  src
    node_modules
      app // symlinks to '..'
    ... // source code
  dist
    node_modules
      app // symlinks to '..'
    ... // transpiled code

A caveat with babel --copy-files The --copy-files flag of babel does not deal with symlinks well. It may keep navigating into the .. symlink and recusively seeing endless files. A workaround is to use the following directory structure:

app
  node_modules
    app // symlink to '../src'
    ... // normal npm dependencies for app
  src
    ... // source code
  dist
    node_modules
      app // symlinks to '..'
    ... // transpiled code

In this way, code under src will still have app resolved to src, whereas babel would not see symlinks anymore.

The big picture

It seems "really bad" but give it time. It is, in fact, really good. The explicit require()s give a total transparency and ease of understanding that is like a breath of fresh air during a project life cycle.

Think of it this way: You are reading an example, dipping your toes into Node.js and you've decided it is "really bad IMO." You are second-guessing leaders of the Node.js community, people who have logged more hours writing and maintaining Node.js applications than anyone. What is the chance the author made such a rookie mistake? (And I agree, from my Ruby and Python background, it seems at first like a disaster.)

There is a lot of hype and counter-hype surrounding Node.js. But when the dust settles, we will acknowledge that explicit modules and "local first" packages were a major driver of adoption.

The common case

Of course, node_modules from the current directory, then the parent, then grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. is searched. So packages you have installed already work this way. Usually you can require("express") from anywhere in your project and it works fine.

If you find yourself loading common files from the root of your project (perhaps because they are common utility functions), then that is a big clue that it's time to make a package. Packages are very simple: move your files into node_modules/ and put a package.json there. Voila! Everything in that namespace is accessible from your entire project. Packages are the correct way to get your code into a global namespace.

Other workarounds

I personally don't use these techniques, but they do answer your question, and of course you know your own situation better than I.

You can set $NODE_PATH to your project root. That directory will be searched when you require().

Next, you could compromise and require a common, local file from all your examples. That common file simply re-exports the true file in the grandparent directory.

examples/downloads/app.js (and many others like it)

var express = require('./express')

examples/downloads/express.js

module.exports = require('../../')

Now when you relocate those files, the worst-case is fixing the one shim module.

I was having trouble with this same issue, so I wrote a package called include.

Include handles figuring out your project's root folder by way of locating your package.json file, then passes the path argument you give it to the native require() without all of the relative path mess. I imagine this not as a replacement for require(), but a tool for requiring handling non-packaged / non-third-party files or libraries. Something like

var async = require('async'),
    foo   = include('lib/path/to/foo')

I hope this can be useful.

In your own project you could modify any .js file that is used in the root directory and add its path to a property of the process.env variable. For example:

// in index.js
process.env.root = __dirname;

Afterwards you can access the property everywhere:

// in app.js
express = require(process.env.root);

I was looking for the exact same simplicity to require files from any level and I found module-alias.

Just install:

npm i --save module-alias

Open your package.json file, here you can add aliases for your paths, for e.g.

"_moduleAliases": {
 "@root"      : ".", // Application's root
 "@deep"      : "src/some/very/deep/directory/or/file",
 "@my_module" : "lib/some-file.js",
 "something"  : "src/foo", // Or without @. Actually, it could be any string
}

And use your aliases by simply:

require('module-alias/register')
const deep = require('@deep')
const module = require('something')

If your app's entry point js file (i.e. the one you actually run "node" on) is in your project root directory, you can do this really easily with the rootpath npm module. Simply install it via

npm install --save rootpath

...then at the very top of the entry point js file, add:

require('rootpath')();

From that point forward all require calls are now relative to project root - e.g. require('../../../config/debugging/log'); becomes require('config/debugging/log'); (where the config folder is in the project root).

You could define something like this in your app.js:

requireFromRoot = (function(root) {
    return function(resource) {
        return require(root+"/"+resource);
    }
})(__dirname);

and then anytime you want to require something from the root, no matter where you are, you just use requireFromRoot instead of the vanilla require. Works pretty well for me so far.

And what about:

var myModule = require.main.require('./path/to/module');

It requires the file as if it were required from the main js file, so it works pretty well as long as your main js file is at the root of your project... and that's something I appreciate.

You could use a module I made, Undot. It is nothing advanced, just a helper so you can avoid those dot hell with simplicity.

Example:

var undot = require('undot');
var User = undot('models/user');
var config = undot('config');
var test = undot('test/api/user/auth');

There's a really interesting section in the Browserify Handbook:

avoiding ../../../../../../..

Not everything in an application properly belongs on the public npm and the overhead of setting up a private npm or git repo is still rather large in many cases. Here are some approaches for avoiding the ../../../../../../../ relative paths problem.

node_modules

People sometimes object to putting application-specific modules into node_modules because it is not obvious how to check in your internal modules without also checking in third-party modules from npm.

The answer is quite simple! If you have a .gitignore file that ignores node_modules:

node_modules

You can just add an exception with ! for each of your internal application modules:

node_modules/*
!node_modules/foo
!node_modules/bar

Please note that you can't unignore a subdirectory, if the parent is already ignored. So instead of ignoring node_modules, you have to ignore every directory inside node_modules with the node_modules/* trick, and then you can add your exceptions.

Now anywhere in your application you will be able to require('foo') or require('bar') without having a very large and fragile relative path.

If you have a lot of modules and want to keep them more separate from the third-party modules installed by npm, you can just put them all under a directory in node_modules such as node_modules/app:

node_modules/app/foo
node_modules/app/bar

Now you will be able to require('app/foo') or require('app/bar') from anywhere in your application.

In your .gitignore, just add an exception for node_modules/app:

node_modules/*
!node_modules/app

If your application had transforms configured in package.json, you'll need to create a separate package.json with its own transform field in your node_modules/foo or node_modules/app/foo component directory because transforms don't apply across module boundaries. This will make your modules more robust against configuration changes in your application and it will be easier to independently reuse the packages outside of your application.

symlink

Another handy trick if you are working on an application where you can make symlinks and don't need to support windows is to symlink a lib/ or app/ folder into node_modules. From the project root, do:

ln -s ../lib node_modules/app

and now from anywhere in your project you'll be able to require files in lib/ by doing require('app/foo.js') to get lib/foo.js.

custom paths

You might see some places talk about using the $NODE_PATH environment variable or opts.paths to add directories for node and browserify to look in to find modules.

Unlike most other platforms, using a shell-style array of path directories with $NODE_PATH is not as favorable in node compared to making effective use of the node_modules directory.

This is because your application is more tightly coupled to a runtime environment configuration so there are more moving parts and your application will only work when your environment is setup correctly.

node and browserify both support but discourage the use of $NODE_PATH.

If anyone's looking for yet another way to get around this problem, here's my own contribution to the effort:

https://www.npmjs.com/package/use-import

The basic idea: you create a JSON file in the root of the project that maps your filepaths to shorthand names (or get use-automapper to do it for you). You can then request your files/modules using those names. Like so:

var use = require('use-import');
var MyClass = use('MyClass');

So there's that.

There's a good discussion of this issue here.

I ran into the same architectural problem: wanting a way of giving my application more organization and internal namespaces, without:

• mixing application modules with external dependencies or bothering with private npm repos for application-specific code
• using relative requires, which make refactoring and comprehension harder
• using symlinks or changing the node path, which can obscure source locations and don't play nicely with source control

In the end, I decided to organize my code using file naming conventions rather than directories. A structure would look something like:

• npm-shrinkwrap.json
• package.json
• node_modules
  • ...
• src
  • app.js
  • app.config.js
  • app.models.bar.js
  • app.models.foo.js
  • app.web.js
  • app.web.routes.js
  • ...

Then in code:

var app_config = require('./app.config');
var app_models_foo = require('./app.models.foo');

or just

var config = require('./app.config');
var foo = require('./app.models.foo');

and external dependencies are available from node_modules as usual:

var express = require('express');

In this way, all application code is hierarchically organized into modules and available to all other code relative to the application root.

The main disadvantage is of course that in a file browser, you can't expand/collapse the tree as though it was actually organized into directories. But I like that it's very explicit about where all code is coming from, and it doesn't use any 'magic'.

Assuming your project root is the current working directory, this should work:

// require built-in path module
path = require('path');

// require file relative to current working directory
config = require( path.resolve('.','config.js') );

I wrote this small package that lets you require packages by their relative path from project root, without introducing any global variables or overriding node defaults

https://github.com/Gaafar/pkg-require

It works like this

// create an instance that will find the nearest parent dir containing package.json from your __dirname
const pkgRequire = require('pkg-require')(__dirname);

// require a file relative to the your package.json directory 
const foo = pkgRequire('foo/foo')

// get the absolute path for a file
const absolutePathToFoo = pkgRequire.resolve('foo/foo')

// get the absolute path to your root directory
const packageRootPath = pkgRequire.root()

Some time ago I created module for loading modules relative to pre-defined paths.

https://github.com/raaymax/irequire

You can use it instead of require.

irequire.prefix('controllers',join.path(__dirname,'app/master'));
var adminUsersCtrl = irequire("controllers:admin/users");
var net = irequire('net');

Maybe it will be usefull for someone..

Some of the answers is saying that the best way is to add the code to the node_module as a package, i agree and its probably the best way to lose the ../../../ in require but none of them actually give a way to do so.

from version 2.0.0 you can install a package from local files, which means you can create folder in your root with all the packages you want,

-modules
 --foo
 --bar 
-app.js
-package.json

so in package.json you can add the modules (or foo and bar) as a package without publishing or using external server like this:

{
  "name": "baz",
  "dependencies": {
    "bar": "file: ./modules/bar",
    "foo": "file: ./modules/foo"
  }
}

After that you do npm install, and you can access the code with var foo = require("foo"), just like you do with all the other packages.

more info can be found here :

https://docs.npmjs.com/files/package.json#local-paths

and here how to create a package :

https://docs.npmjs.com/getting-started/creating-node-modules

i created a node module called "rekiure"

it allows you to require without the use of relative paths

https://npmjs.org/package/rekuire

it is super easy to use

Another answer :

Imagine this folders structure :

• node_modules
  • lodash
• src
  • subdir
    • foo.js
    • bar.js
  • main.js

• tests

  • test.js

Then in test.js, you need to require files like this :

const foo = require("../src/subdir/foo");
const bar = require("../src/subdir/bar");
const main = require("../src/main");
const _ = require("lodash");

and in main.js :

const foo = require("./subdir/foo");
const bar = require("./subdir/bar");
const _ = require("lodash");

Now you can use babel and the babel-plugin-module-resolver with this .babelrc file to configure 2 root folders:

{
    "plugins": [
        ["module-resolver", {
            "root": ["./src", "./src/subdir"]
        }]
    ]
}

Now you can require files in the same manner in tests and in src:

const foo = require("foo");
const bar = require("bar");
const main = require("main");
const _ = require("lodash");

and if you want use the es6 module syntax:

{
    "plugins": [
        ["module-resolver", {
            "root": ["./src", "./src/subdir"]
        }],
        "transform-es2015-modules-commonjs"
    ]
}

then you import files in tests and src like this :

import foo from "foo"
import bar from "bar"
import _ from "lodash"

I had the same problem many times. This can be solved by using the basetag npm package. It doesn't have to be required itself, only installed as it creates a symlink inside node_modules to your base path.

const localFile = require('$/local/file')
// instead of
const localFile = require('../../local/file')

Using the $/... prefix will always reference files relative to your apps root directory.

Source: How I created basetag to solve this problem

I use process.cwd() in my projects. For example:

var Foo = require(process.cwd() + '/common/foo.js');

It might be worth noting that this will result in requireing an absolute path, though I have yet to run into issues with this.

I don't think you need to solve this in the manner you described. Just sed if you want to change the same string in a large amount of files. In your example,

find . -name "*.js" -exec sed -i 's/\.\.\/\.\.\//\.\.\//g' {} +

would have ../../ changed to ../

Alternatively, you can require a configuration file that stores a variable containing the path to the library. If you store the following as config.js in the example directory

var config = {};
config.path = '../../';

and in your example file

myConfiguration = require('./config');
express = require(config.path);

You'll be able to control the configuration for every example from one file.

It's really just personal preference.

I like to make a new node_modules folder for shared code, then let node and require do what it does best.

for example:

- node_modules // => these are loaded from your package.json
- app
  - node_modules // => add node-style modules
    - helper.js
  - models
    - user
    - car
- package.json
- .gitignore

For example, if you're in car/index.js you can require('helper') and node will find it!

How node_modules Work

node has a clever algorithm for resolving modules that is unique among rival platforms.

If you require('./foo.js') from /beep/boop/bar.js, node will look for ./foo.js in /beep/boop/foo.js. Paths that start with a ./ or ../ are always local to the file that calls require().

If however you require a non-relative name such as require('xyz') from /beep/boop/foo.js, node searches these paths in order, stopping at the first match and raising an error if nothing is found:

/beep/boop/node_modules/xyz
/beep/node_modules/xyz
/node_modules/xyz

For each xyz directory that exists, node will first look for a xyz/package.json to see if a "main" field exists. The "main" field defines which file should take charge if you require() the directory path.

For example, if /beep/node_modules/xyz is the first match and /beep/node_modules/xyz/package.json has:

{
  "name": "xyz",
  "version": "1.2.3",
  "main": "lib/abc.js"
}

then the exports from /beep/node_modules/xyz/lib/abc.js will be returned by require('xyz').

If there is no package.json or no "main" field, index.js is assumed:

/beep/node_modules/xyz/index.js

Imho the easiest way to achieve this is by creating a symbolic link on app startup at node_modules/app (or whatever you call it) which points to ../app. Then you can just call require("app/my/module"). Symbolic links are available on all major platforms.

However, you should still split your stuff in smaller, maintainable modules which are installed via npm. You can also install your private modules via git-url, so there is no reason to have one, monolithic app-directory.

Manual Symlinks (and Windows Junctions)

Couldn't the examples directory contain a node_modules with a symbolic link to the root of the project project -> ../../ thus allowing the examples to use require('project'), although this doesn't remove the mapping, it does allow the source to use require('project') rather than require('../../').

I have tested this, and it does work with v0.6.18.

Listing of project directory:

$ ls -lR project
project:
drwxr-xr-x 3 user user 4096 2012-06-02 03:51 examples
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   49 2012-06-02 03:51 index.js

project/examples:
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 2012-06-02 03:50 node_modules
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user   20 2012-06-02 03:51 test.js

project/examples/node_modules:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user 6 2012-06-02 03:50 project -> ../../

The contents of index.js assigns a value to a property of the exports object and invokes console.log with a message that states it was required. The contents of test.js is require('project').

Automated Symlinks

The problem with manually creating symlinks is that every time you npm ci, you lose the symlink. If you make the symlink process a dependency, viola, no problems.

The module basetag is a postinstall script that creates a symlink (or Windows junction) named $ every time npm install or npm ci is run:

npm install --save basetag

node_modules/$ -> ..

With that, you don't need any special modification to your code or require system. $ becomes the root from which you can require.

var foo = require('$/lib/foo.js');

If you don't like the use of $ and would prefer # or something else (except @, which is a special character for npm), you could fork it and make the change.

Note: Although Windows symlinks (to files) require admin permissions, Windows junctions (to directories) do not need Windows admin permissions. This is a safe, reliable, cross-platform solution.

Try using asapp:

npm install --save asapp

https://www.npmjs.com/package/asapp

var { controller, helper, middleware, route, schema, model, APP, ROOT } = require('asapp')

controller('home') instead require('../../controllers/home)

I have tried many of these solutions. I ended up adding this to the top of my main file (e.g. index.js):

process.env.NODE_PATH = __dirname;
require('module').Module._initPaths();

This adds the project root to the NODE_PATH when the script is loaded. The allows me to require any file in my project by referencing its relative path from the project root such as var User = require('models/user'). This solution should work as long as you are running a main script in the project root before running anything else in your project.

Have a look at node-rfr.

It's as simple as this:

var rfr = require('rfr');
var myModule = rfr('projectSubDir/myModule');