Run a Java Application as a Service on Linux

Question

I have written a Java server application that runs on a standard virtual hosted Linux solution   The application runs all the time listening for socket connections and creating new handlers for them   It is a server side implementation to a client-server application   The way I start it is by including it in the start up rc local script of the server   However once started I do not know how to access it to stop it and if I want to install an update  so I have to restart the server in order to restart the application   On a windows PC  for this type of application I might create a windows service and then I can stop and start it as I want   Is there anything like that on a Linux box so that if I start this application I can stop it and restart it without doing a complete restart of the server   My application is called WebServer exe   It is started on server startup by including it in my rc local as such   java -jar  var www vhosts myweb com phpserv WebServer jar  amp    I am a bit of a noob at Linux so any example would be appreciated with any posts    However I do have SSH  and full FTP access to the box to install any updates as well as access to a Plesk panel

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Other answers do a good job giving custom scripts and setups depending on your platform  In addition to those  here are the mature  special purpose programs that I know of    JSW from TanukiSoftware YAJSW is an open source clone from the above  It is written in Java  and it is a nanny process that manages the child process  your code  according to configurations  Works on windows   linux  JSVC is a native application  Its also a nanny process  but it invokes your child application through the JNI  rather than as a subprocess

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However once started I don t know how to access it to stop it   You can write a simple stop script that greps for your java process  extracts the PID and calls kill on it  It s not fancy  but it s straight forward  Something like that may be of help as a start      bin bash PID   ps ax   grep  name of your app    cut -d     -f 1 kill  PID

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Another alternative  which is also quite popular is the Java Service Wrapper  This is also quite popular around the OSS community

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From Spring Boot application as a Service  I can recommend the Python-based supervisord application  See that stack overflow question for more information  It s really straightforward to set up

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The easiest way is to use supervisord  Please see full details here   http   supervisord org   More info   https   askubuntu com questions 779830 running-an-executable-jar-file-when-the-system-starts 852485 852485  https   www digitalocean com community tutorials how-to-install-and-manage-supervisor-on-ubuntu-and-debian-vps

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A simple solution is to create a script start sh that runs Java through nohup and then stores the PID to a file   nohup java -jar myapplication jar  gt  log txt 2 gt  errors txt  lt   dev null  amp  PID    echo  PID  gt  pid txt   Then your stop script stop sh would read the PID from the file and kill the application   PID   cat pid txt  kill  PID   Of course I ve left out some details  like checking whether the process exists and removing pid txt if you re done

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Linux service init script are stored into  etc init d  You can copy and customize  etc init d skeleton file  and then call  service  yourservice  start stop restart   see http   www ralfebert de blog java debian daemon   Its for Debian  so  Ubuntu as well  but fit more distribution

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Im having Netty java application and I want to run it as a service with systemd  Unfortunately application stops no matter of what Type I m using  At the end I ve wrapped java start in screen  Here are the config files   service   Unit  Description Netty service After network target  Service  User user Type forking WorkingDirectory  home user app ExecStart  home user app start sh TimeoutStopSec 10 Restart on-failure RestartSec 5  Install  WantedBy multi-user target   start      bin sh  usr bin screen -L -dmS netty app java -cp app jar classPath   from that point you can use systemctl  start stop status  service

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Referring to Spring Boot application as a Service as well  I would go for the systemd version  since it s the easiest  least verbose  and best integrated into modern distros  and even the not-so-modern ones like CentOS 7 x

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Here is a sample shell script  make sure you replace the MATH name with the name of the your application       bin bash      BEGIN INIT INFO   Provides                  MATH   Required-Start             java   Required-Stop              java   Short-Description         Start and stop MATH service    Description               -   Date-Creation             -   Date-Last-Modification    -   Author                    -     END INIT INFO    Variables PGREP  usr bin pgrep JAVA  usr bin java ZERO 0    Start the MATH start         echo  Starting MATH          Verify if the service is running      PGREP -f MATH  gt   dev null     VERIFIER        if    ZERO    VERIFIER       then         echo  The service is already running      else          Run the jar file MATH service          JAVA -jar  opt MATH MATH jar  gt   dev null 2 gt  amp 1  amp           sleep time before the service verification         sleep 10          Verify if the service is running          PGREP -f MATH   gt   dev null         VERIFIER            if    ZERO    VERIFIER           then             echo  Service was successfully started          else             echo  Failed to start service          fi     fi     echo      Stop the MATH stop         echo  Stopping MATH          Verify if the service is running      PGREP -f MATH  gt   dev null     VERIFIER        if    ZERO    VERIFIER       then          Kill the pid of java with the service name         kill -9    PGREP -f MATH           Sleep time before the service verification         sleep 10          Verify if the service is running          PGREP -f MATH   gt   dev null         VERIFIER            if    ZERO    VERIFIER           then             echo  Failed to stop service          else             echo  Service was successfully stopped          fi     else         echo  The service is already stopped      fi     echo      Verify the status of MATH status         echo  Checking status of MATH          Verify if the service is running      PGREP -f MATH  gt   dev null     VERIFIER        if    ZERO    VERIFIER       then         echo  Service is running      else         echo  Service is stopped      fi     echo      Main logic case   1  in     start          start                stop          stop                status          status                restart reload          stop         start                     echo   Usage   0  start stop status restart reload       exit 1 esac exit 0

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It is possible to run the war as a Linux service  and you may want to force in your pom xml file before packaging  as some distros may not recognize in auto mode  To do it  add the following property inside  of spring-boot-maven-plugin plugin                        lt embeddedLaunchScriptProperties gt                           lt mode gt service lt  mode gt                       lt  embeddedLaunchScriptProperties gt    Next  setup your init d with   ln -s myapp war  etc init d myapp   and you will be able to run  service myapp start stop restart   There are many other options that you can find in Spring Boot documentation  including Windows service

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To run Java code as daemon  service  you can write JNI based stub   http   jnicookbook owsiak org recipe-no-022   for a sample code that is based on JNI  In this case you daemonize the code that was started as Java and main loop is executed in C  But it is also possible to put main  daemon s  service loop inside Java   https   github com mkowsiak jnicookbook tree master recipes recipeNo029  Have fun with JNI

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From Spring Boot Reference Guide     Installation as an init d service  System V       Simply symlink the jar to init d to support the standard start  stop  restart and status commands    Assuming that you have a Spring Boot application installed in  var myapp  to install a Spring Boot application as an init d service simply create a symlink     sudo ln -s  var myapp myapp jar  etc init d myapp       Once installed  you can start and stop the service in the usual way  For example  on a Debian based system     service myapp start        If your application fails to start  check the log file written to  var log  lt appname gt  log for errors    Continue reading to know how to secure a deployed service   After doing as written I ve discovered that my service fails to start with this error message in logs  start-stop-daemon  unrecognized option --no-close  And I ve managed to fix it by creating a config file  var myapp myapp conf with the following content  USE START STOP DAEMON false

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I wrote another simple wrapper here      bin sh SERVICE NAME MyService PATH TO JAR  usr local MyProject MyJar jar PID PATH NAME  tmp MyService-pid case  1 in     start          echo  Starting  SERVICE NAME              if     -f  PID PATH NAME    then             nohup java -jar  PATH TO JAR  tmp 2 gt  gt   dev null  gt  gt   dev null  amp              echo     gt   PID PATH NAME             echo   SERVICE NAME started              else             echo   SERVICE NAME is already running              fi            stop          if   -f  PID PATH NAME    then             PID   cat  PID PATH NAME               echo   SERVICE NAME stoping                  kill  PID              echo   SERVICE NAME stopped                  rm  PID PATH NAME         else             echo   SERVICE NAME is not running              fi            restart          if   -f  PID PATH NAME    then             PID   cat  PID PATH NAME               echo   SERVICE NAME stopping                   kill  PID              echo   SERVICE NAME stopped                   rm  PID PATH NAME             echo   SERVICE NAME starting                  nohup java -jar  PATH TO JAR  tmp 2 gt  gt   dev null  gt  gt   dev null  amp              echo     gt   PID PATH NAME             echo   SERVICE NAME started              else             echo   SERVICE NAME is not running              fi        esac    You can follow a full tutorial for init d here and for systemd  ubuntu 16   here  If you need the output log replace the 2  nohup java -jar  PATH TO JAR  tmp 2 gt  gt   dev null  gt  gt   dev null  amp    lines for  nohup java -jar  PATH TO JAR  gt  gt  myService out 2 gt  amp 1 amp

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Maybe not the best dev-ops solution  but good for the general use of a server for a lan party or similar   Use screen to run your server in and then detach before logging out  this will keep the process running  you can then re-attach at any point   Workflow   Start a screen  screen  Start your server  java -jar minecraft-server jar  Detach by pressing  Ctl-a  d  Re-attach  screen -r  More info here  https   www gnu org software screen manual screen html

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You can use Thrift server or JMX to communicate with your Java service

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