I was on the GM seed of Xcode 5.0 and I couldn't get any of these answers to work. I tried every single answer on SO on multiple different questions about header imports w/ cocoapods.
FINALLY I found a solution that worked for me: I upgraded to Xcode 5.0 via the Mac AppStore (installed on top of the GM seed) and now the header imports are working as expected.
I also still had a beta version of Xcode 5 on my system and I deleted that as well. Maybe it was a combination of the two things, but hopefully this helps someone else.