How to give a pattern for new line in grep

Question

How to give a pattern for new line in grep  New line at beginning  new line at end  Not the regular expression way  Something like  n

User · Answer

You can use this way     grep -P    s   file    -P is used for Perl regular expressions  an extension to POSIX grep    s match the white space characters  if followed by    it matches an empty line also    matches the beginning of the line    matches the end of the line

User · Answer

try pcregrep instead of regular grep   pcregrep -M  pattern1   n  pattern2  filename   the -M option allows it to match across multiple lines  so you can search for newlines as  n

User · Answer

grep patterns are matched against individual lines so there is no way for a pattern to match a newline found in the input   However you can find empty lines like this   grep      file grep      space       file   include white spaces

User · Answer

As for the workaround  without using non-portable -P   you can temporary replace a new-line character with the different one and change it back  e g    grep -o   foo    lt  paste -sd  file    tr -d       Basically it s looking for exact match  foo  where   means  n  so       n n   You don t have to translate it back by tr       n   as each pattern would be printed in the new line anyway  so removing   is enough

User · Answer

just found  grep    r    It s using    r  for c-style escape in Bash   in this article

User · Answer

Thanks to  jarno I know about the -z option and I found out that when using GNU grep with the -P option  matching against  n is possible      Example   grep -zoP  foo n K    lt  lt  lt   foo nbar   Prints bar

[bash] How to give a pattern for new line in grep?

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