How to get the primary IP address of the local machine on Linux and OS X

Question

I am looking for a command line solution that would return me the primary  first  IP address of the localhost  other than 127 0 0 1  The solution should work at least for Linux  Debian and RedHat  and OS X 10 7   I am aware that ifconfig is available on both but its output is not so consistent between these platforms

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I have to add to Collin Andersons answer that this method also takes into account if you have two interfaces and they're both showing as up.

ip route get 1 | awk '{print $NF;exit}'

I have been working on an application with Raspberry Pi's and needed the IP address that was actually being used not just whether it was up or not. Most of the other answers will return both IP address which isn't necessarily helpful - for my scenario anyway.

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Primary network interface IP  ifconfig  ip route   grep default   head -1   sed  s     dev      a-z0-9            2 g     grep -oE   b  0-9  1 3     3  0-9  1 3  b    head -1

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On a Mac  consider the following   scutil --nwi   grep -Eo   0-9  1 3    0-9  1 3    0-9  1 3    0-9  1 3

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Using some of the other methods You may enter a conflict where multiple IP adresses is defined on the system  This line always gets the IP address by default used   ip route get 8 8 8 8   head -1   awk   print  7

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There s a node package for everything  It s cross-platform and easy to use     npm install --global internal-ip-cli    internal-ip fe80  1    internal-ip --ipv4 192 168 0 3   This is a controversial approach  but using npm for tooling is becoming more popular  like it or not

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You can also get IP version 4 address of eth0 by using this command in linux   sbin ip -4 -o addr show dev eth0  awk   split  4 a      print a 1      Output will be like this   root localhost Sathish    sbin ip -4 -o addr show dev eth0  awk   split  4 a      print a 1    192 168 1 22

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I went through a lot of links  StackExchange  AskUbuntu  StackOverflow etc  and came to the decision to combine all the best solutions into one shell script    In my opinion these two QAs are the best of seen   How can I get my external IP address in a shell script  https   unix stackexchange com q 22615  How do I find my internal ip address  https   askubuntu com a 604691  Here is my solution based on some ideas by rsp shared in his repository  https   github com rsp scripts      Some of you could say that this script is extremely huge for so simple task but I d like to make it easy and flexible in usage as much as possible  It supports simple configuration file allowing redefine the default values   It was successfully tested under Cygwin  MINGW and Linux  Red Hat    Show internal IP address  myip -i   Show external IP address  myip -e   Source code  also available by the link  https   github com ildar-shaimordanov tea-set blob master home bin myip  Example of configuration file is there  next to the main script       bin bash                                                                                  Getting both internal and external IP addresses used for outgoing    Internet connections      Internal IP address is the IP address of your computer network interface    that would be used to connect to Internet      External IP address is the IP address that is visible by external    servers that you connect to over Internet      Copyright  C  2016 Ildar Shaimordanov                                                                                  Details of the actual implementation are based on the following QA      How can I get my external IP address in a shell script    https   unix stackexchange com q 22615     How do I find my internal ip address    https   askubuntu com a 604691                                                                               for f in           dirname   0    myip conf           myip conf        etc myip conf do       -f   f     amp  amp                f          break       done                                                                               show usage         cat -  lt  lt HELP USAGE      basename   0     OPTIONS   DESCRIPTION   Display the internal and external IP addresses  OPTIONS   -i  Display the internal IP address   -e  Display the external IP address   -v  Turn on verbosity   -h  Print this help and exit HELP     exit    die         echo     basename   0          gt  amp 2     exit 2                                                                                 show internal    show external    show verbose     while getopts   ievh  opt do     case   opt  in     i           show internal 1                e           show external 1                v           show verbose 1                h           show usage                             die  Illegal option   OPTARG                 esac done  if   -z   show internal  -a -z   show external    then     show internal 1     show external 1 fi                                                                                 Use Google s public DNS to resolve the internal IP address   -n   TARGETADDR       TARGETADDR  8 8 8 8     Query the specific URL to resolve the external IP address   -n   IPURL       IPURL  ipecho net plain     Define explicitly  IPCMD to gather  IPURL using another tool   -n   IPCMD             if   which curl  gt  dev null 2 gt  amp 1     then         IPCMD  curl -s      elif which wget  gt  dev null 2 gt  amp 1     then         IPCMD  wget -qO -      else         die  Neither curl nor wget installed      fi                                                                                 resolveip                   gethostip -d   1   amp  amp  return         getent ahostsv4   1              grep RAW             awk    print  1  exit           2 gt  dev null    internalip           -n   show verbose     amp  amp  printf  Internal         case     uname   tr    upper       lower       in     cygwin    mingw    msys            netstat -rn             grep -w  0 0 0 0              awk    print  4            return                esac      local t     resolveip   TARGETADDR           -n   t       die  Cannot resolve  TARGETADDR      ip route get   t          awk    print  NF  exit       externalip           -n   show verbose     amp  amp  printf  External         eval  IPCMD   IPURL   IPOPEN                                                                                   -n   show internal     amp  amp  internalip   -n   show external     amp  amp  externalip                                                                                 EOF

User · Answer

Assuming you need your primary public IP as it seen from the rest of the world  try any of those   wget http   ipecho net plain -O - -q curl http   icanhazip com curl http   ifconfig me ip

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I just utilize Network Interface Names  my custom command is       ip addr   grep enp0s25            amp  amp  ip addr show dev enp0s25   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p     ip addr show dev eth0   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p     in my own notebook   flying lempstacker     cat  etc redhat-release  CentOS Linux release 7 2 1511  Core    flying lempstacker          ip addr   grep enp0s25            amp  amp  ip addr show dev enp0s25   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p     ip addr show dev eth0   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p  192 168 2 221  flying lempstacker       but if the network interface owns at least one ip  then it will show all ip belong to it  for example  Ubuntu 16 10  root yakkety    sed -r -n  s    g s  VERSION       1 p   etc os-release 16 04 1 LTS  Xenial Xerus  root yakkety         ip addr   grep enp0s25            amp  amp  ip addr show dev enp0s25   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p     ip addr show dev eth0   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p  178 62 236 250 root yakkety      Debian Jessie  root jessie    sed -r -n  s    g s  PRETTY NAME       1 p   etc os-release Debian GNU Linux 8  jessie  root jessie         ip addr   grep enp0s25            amp  amp  ip addr show dev enp0s25   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p     ip addr show dev eth0   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p  192 81 222 54 root jessie       CentOS 6 8   root centos68     cat  etc redhat-release  CentOS release 6 8  Final   root centos68          ip addr   grep enp0s25            amp  amp  ip addr show dev enp0s25   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p     ip addr show dev eth0   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p  162 243 17 224 10 13 0 5  root centos68     ip route get 1   awk   print  NF exit   162 243 17 224  root centos68       Fedora 24   root fedora24     cat  etc redhat-release  Fedora release 24  Twenty Four   root fedora24          ip addr   grep enp0s25            amp  amp  ip addr show dev enp0s25   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p     ip addr show dev eth0   sed -n -r  s   inet        brd    1 p  104 131 54 185 10 17 0 5  root fedora24     ip route get 1   awk   print  NF exit   104 131 54 185  root fedora24       It seems like that command ip route get 1   awk   print  NF exit   provided by link is more accurate  what s more  it more shorter

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Specific to only certain builds of Ubuntu   Though it may just tell you 127 0 0 1   hostname  -i   or  hostname -I

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For linux  what you need is this command   ifconfig  1 sed -n 2p awk    print  2    awk -F      print  2      type this in your shell and you will simply know your ip

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Not sure if this works in all os  try it out   ifconfig   awk -F          inet addr   amp  amp    127 0   print  4

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Solution   ip -o route get to 8 8 8 8   sed -n  s   src    0-9          1 p  192 168 8 16  Explanation The correct way to query network information is using ip   -o one-line output route get to get the actual kernel route to a destination 8 8 8 8 Google IP  but can use the real IP you want to reach  e g  ip output  8 8 8 8 via 192 168 8 254 dev enp0s25 src 192 168 8 16 uid 1000     cache  To extract the src ip  sed is the ligthest and most compatible with regex support   -n no output by default  s pattern replacement p  match pattern and print replacement only   src    0-9         match the src IP used by the kernel  to reach 8 8 8 8  e g  final output  192 168 8 16  Other answers I think none of the preceding answer are good enough for me  as they don t work in a recent machine  Gentoo 2018   Issues I found with preceding answers   use of positional column in command output  use of ifconfig which is deprecated and -- for example -- don t list multple IPs  use of awk for a simple task which sed can handle better  ip route get 1 is unclear  and is actually an alias for ip route get to 1 0 0 0 use of hostname command  which don t have -I option in all appliance and which return 127 0 0 1 in my case

User · Answer

ifconfig   grep  inet addr     grep -v  127 0 0 1    grep -Eo   0-9  1 3    0-9  1 3    0-9  1 3    0-9  1 3      head -1

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ifconfig   grep  inet     grep -v  127 0 0 1    awk   print  2

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on Linux  hostname -I   on macOS  ipconfig getifaddr en0     hostname -I can return multiple addresses in an unreliable order  see the hostname manpage   but for me it just returns 192 168 1 X  which is what you wanted

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Edited  2014-06-01 2018-01-09   For stronger config  with many interfaces and many IP configured on each interfaces  I wrote a pure bash script  not based on 127 0 0 1  for finding correct interface and ip  based on default route  I post this script at very bottom of this answer   Intro  As both Os have bash installed by default  there is a bash tip for both Mac and Linux   The locale issue is prevented by the use of LANG C   myip  while IFS      t  read -a line  do       -z    line inet      amp  amp  ip   line    line 1   gt 4 1 2    amp  amp               ip 127 0 0 1      amp  amp  myip  ip   done lt   lt  LANG C  sbin ifconfig  echo  myip   Putting this into a function   Minimal   getMyIP         local  ip  line     while IFS      t  read -a  line  do           -z     line inet      amp  amp              ip    line     line 1   gt 4 1 2    amp  amp                   ip 127 0 0 1      amp  amp  echo   ip  amp  amp  return 0       done lt   lt  LANG C  sbin ifconfig      Simple use   getMyIP 192 168 1 37   Fancy tidy   getMyIP         local  ip  myip  line  nl    n      while IFS      t  read -a  line  do           -z     line inet      amp  amp              ip    line     line 1   gt 4 1 2    amp  amp                   ip 127 0 0 1      amp  amp   myip   ip       done lt   lt  LANG C  sbin ifconfig      printf   1 -v   1   s   nl 0      1  gt 0 0 1      myip     Usage   getMyIP 192 168 1 37   or  running same function  but with an argument   getMyIP varHostIP echo  varHostIP 192 168 1 37 set   grep  varHostIP varHostIP 192 168 1 37   Nota  Without argument  this function output on STDOUT  the IP and a newline  with an argument  nothing is printed  but a variable named as argument is created and contain IP without newline   Nota2  This was tested on Debian  LaCie hacked nas and MaxOs  If this won t work under your environ  I will be very interested by feed-backs   Older version of this answer    Not deleted because based on sed  not bash     Warn  There is an issue about locales   Quick and small   myIP   ip a s sed -ne   127 0 0 1   s     t  inet   t     0-9             1 p      Exploded  work too    myIP        ip a s       sed -ne            127 0 0 1                s     t  inet   t     0-9             1 p                     Edit   How  This seem not work on Mac OS     Ok  this seem work quite same on Mac OS as on my Linux   myIP   LANG C  sbin ifconfig    sed -ne    127 0 0 1      s     t  inet   t    1 99      addr       0 1       0-9         t         2 p        splitted   myIP        LANG C  sbin ifconfig            sed -ne    127 0 0 1                  s     t  inet   t    1 99      addr       0 1       0-9         t         2 p                My script  jan 2018    This script will first find your default route and interface used for  then search for local ip matching network of gateway and populate variables  The last two lines just print  something like   Interface     en0 Local Ip      10 2 5 3 Gateway       10 2 4 204 Net mask      255 255 252 0 Run on mac    true   or  Interface     eth2 Local Ip      192 168 1 31 Gateway       192 168 1 1 Net mask      255 255 255 0 Run on mac    false   Well  there it is      bin bash runOnMac false int2ip     printf   2 -v   2   d  d  d  d                1 gt  gt 24       1 gt  gt 16 amp 255       1 gt  gt 8 amp 255       1 amp 255      ip2int     local  a    1          printf   2 -v   2   u       a lt  lt 24                        a 1    lt  lt  16      a 2    lt  lt  8      a 3         while IFS      t r n  read a b c d  do         a     usage     amp  amp      b     route     amp  amp  runOnMac true     if  runOnMac  then         case  a in              gateway      gWay  b                 interface    iFace  b            esac     else             a     0 0 0 0     amp  amp      c      a     amp  amp  iFace   d      gWay  b     fi done  lt   lt   sbin route -n 2 gt  amp 1     sbin route -n get 0 0 0 0 0  ip2int  gWay gw while read lhs rhs  do         lhs     amp  amp               -z    lhs         amp  amp  iface   lhs                lhs     inet     amp  amp      iface      iFace     amp  amp                mask   rhs  netmask               mask   mask                      mask     amp  amp    -z    mask 0x       amp  amp                  printf -v mask  u  mask                    ip2int  mask mask             ip2int   rhs      ip                  ip  amp  mask        gw  amp  mask       amp  amp                  int2ip  ip myIp  amp  amp  int2ip  mask netMask                 done  lt   lt   sbin ifconfig  printf   -12s   s n  Interface  iFace Local  Ip  myIp          Gateway  gWay Net  mask  netMask Run  on  mac  runOnMac

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This is easier to read   ifconfig   grep  inet addr     usr bin awk   print  2     tr -d addr

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Another ifconfig variantion that works both on Linux and OSX   ifconfig   grep  inet     cut -f2 -d

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If you know the network interface  eth0  wlan  tun0 etc    ifconfig eth0   grep addr    awk    print  2      cut -d  -f2

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If you have npm and node installed   npm install -g ip  amp  amp  node -e  const ip   require  ip    console log ip address

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ip addr show   grep -E    s inet    grep -m1 global   awk    print  2      sed  s

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Use grep to filter IP address from ifconfig    ifconfig   grep -Eo  inet  addr     0-9      3  0-9      grep -Eo    0-9      3  0-9      grep -v  127 0 0 1   Or with sed   ifconfig   sed -En  s 127 0 0 1   s   inet  addr      0-9      3  0-9       2 p   If you are only interested in certain interfaces  wlan0  eth0  etc  then   ifconfig wlan0        You can alias the command in your  bashrc to create your own command called myip for instance   alias myip  ifconfig   sed -En  s 127 0 0 1   s   inet  addr      0-9      3  0-9       2 p    A much simpler way is hostname -I  hostname -i for older versions of hostname but see comments   However  this is on Linux only

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The following will work on Linux but not OSX   This doesn t rely on DNS at all  and it works even if  etc hosts is not set correctly  1 is shorthand for 1 0 0 0    ip route get 1   awk   print  NF exit     or avoiding awk and using Google s public DNS at 8 8 8 8 for obviousness   ip route get 8 8 8 8   head -1   cut -d    -f8   A less reliable way   see comment below   hostname -I   cut -d    -f1

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Im extracting my comment to this answer   ip route get 1   sed -n  s    src    0-9           1 p    It bases on  CollinAnderson answer which didn t work in my case

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ifconfig   netstat -rn   grep -E   default  0 0 0 0    head -1   awk   print  NF      grep  inet     awk   print  2     grep -Eo    0-9      3  0-9

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This works on Linux and OSX  This will get the interface associated to the default route  NET IF  netstat -rn   awk    0 0 0 0   thif substr  0 74 10   print thif     default  UG   thif substr  0 65 10   print thif       Using the interface discovered above  get the ip address   NET IP  ifconfig   NET IF    grep -Eo  inet  addr     0-9      3  0-9      grep -Eo    0-9      3  0-9      grep -v  127 0 0 1     OSX  uname -a   Darwin laptop 14 4 0 Darwin Kernel Version 14 4 0  Thu May 28 11 35 04 PDT 2015  root xnu-2782 30 5 1 RELEASE X86 64 x86 64  echo  NET IF   en5   echo  NET IP   192 168 0 130  CentOS Linux  uname -a   Linux dev-cil medfx local 2 6 18-164 el5xen 1 SMP Thu Sep 3 04 03 03 EDT 2009 x86 64 x86 64 x86 64 GNU Linux  echo  NET IF   eth0  echo  NET IP   192 168 46 10

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Finds an IP address of this computer in a network which is a default gateway  for example excludes all virtual networks  docker bridges  eg  internet gateway  wifi gateway  ethernet   ip route  grep   ip route  grep default   awk    print  5       grep -v  default    awk   scope    print  9      Works on Linux   Test        ip route  grep   ip route  grep default   awk    print  5       grep -v  default    awk   scope    print  9    192 168 0 114     reverse-networking git  feature type-local    ifconfig wlp2s0 wlp2s0  flags 4163 lt UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST gt   mtu 1500         inet 192 168 0 114  netmask 255 255 255 0  broadcast 192 168 0 255         inet6 fe80  d3b9 8e6e caee 444  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20 lt link gt          ether ac x y z  txqueuelen 1000   Ethernet          RX packets 25883684  bytes 27620415278  25 7 GiB          RX errors 0  dropped 27  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 7511319  bytes 1077539831  1 0 GiB          TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

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Works on Mac  Linux and inside Docker Containers     hostname --ip-address 2 gt   dev null     ifconfig   sed -En  s 127 0 0 1   s   inet  addr      0-9      3  0-9       2 p    awk   print 1  exit     Also works on Makefile as   LOCAL HOST      shell hostname --ip-address 2 gt   dev null     ifconfig   sed -En  s 127 0 0 1   s   inet  addr      0-9      3  0-9       2 p    awk   print  1  exit

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The shortest way to get your local ipv4-address on your linux system   hostname -I   awk   print  1

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For linux machines  not OS X     hostname --ip-address

[bash] How to get the primary IP address of the local machine on Linux and OS X?

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