curl 'http://$artiserver/artifactory/api/storage/$repokey/$path/$version/?lastModified'
The above command responds with a JSON with two elements - "uri" and "lastModified"
Fetching the link in the uri returns another JSON which has the "downloadUri" of the artifact.
Fetch the link in the "downloadUri" and you have the latest artefact.
(Requires Pro) to resolve and download latest artifact, if Jenkins Artifactory plugin was used to publish to artifactory in another job:
${repokey}:**/${component}*.jar;status=${STATUS}@${PUBLISH_BUILDJOB}#LATEST=>${targetDir}