[linux] How do I download a file from the internet to my linux server with Bash

You can use the command wget to download from command line. Specifically, you could use

wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u10-b18/jdk-7u10-linux-x64.tar.gz

However because Oracle requires you to accept a license agreement this may not work (and I am currently unable to test it).