Using Service to run background and create notification

Question

I want my app to start Service when the button is clicked and the Service should run in background to show a notification at a particular time of day  I have the following code to do this  But it shows errors which I don t understand  I am new to Android and this is my first app using Service  Any help would be appreciated  Thanks in advance   AndroidManifest xml   lt  xml version  1 0  encoding  utf-8   gt   lt manifest xmlns android  http   schemas android com apk res android      package  com example newtrial      android versionCode  1      android versionName  1 0   gt        lt uses-sdk         android minSdkVersion  8          android targetSdkVersion  18    gt        lt application         android allowBackup  true          android icon   drawable ic launcher          android label   string app name          android theme   style AppTheme   gt           lt activity             android name  com example newtrial CreateNotificationActiviy              android label   string app name   gt               lt intent-filter gt                   lt action android name  android intent action MAIN    gt                    lt category android name  android intent category LAUNCHER    gt               lt  intent-filter gt           lt  activity gt           lt activity             android name  com example newtrial ResultActivity              android label   string title activity result   gt            lt  activity gt            lt service android enabled  true  android name   UpdaterServiceManager    gt        lt  application gt    lt  manifest gt    CreateNotificationActiviy java  package com example newtrial   import android os Bundle  import android app Activity  import android app Notification  import android app NotificationManager  import android app PendingIntent  import android content Intent  import android view Menu  import android view View  import android view View OnClickListener  import android widget Button   public class CreateNotificationActiviy extends Activity         Override     protected void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState            super onCreate savedInstanceState           setContentView R layout create notification activiy            Button b  Button findViewById R id button1           b setOnClickListener new OnClickListener                  Override             public void onClick View v                       TODO Auto-generated method stub                       startService new Intent CreateNotificationActiviy this  UpdaterServiceManager class                                           public void createNotification View view               Prepare intent which is triggered if the            notification is selected         Intent intent   new Intent this  ResultActivity class           PendingIntent pIntent   PendingIntent getActivity this  0  intent  0               Build notification            Actions are just fake         Notification noti   new Notification Builder this               setContentTitle  Notification Title                setContentText  Click here to read   setSmallIcon R drawable ic launcher               setContentIntent pIntent               build            NotificationManager notificationManager    NotificationManager  getSystemService NOTIFICATION SERVICE              hide the notification after its selected         noti flags    Notification FLAG AUTO CANCEL           notificationManager notify 0  noti                   Override     public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu Menu menu               Inflate the menu  this adds items to the action bar if it is present          getMenuInflater   inflate R menu create notification activiy  menu           return true             UpdaterServiceManager java  package com example newtrial   import java util Calendar  import java util Timer  import java util TimerTask   import android app AlertDialog  import android app Notification  import android app NotificationManager  import android app PendingIntent  import android app Service  import android content Context  import android content Intent  import android os IBinder  import android util Log  import android view View   public class UpdaterServiceManager extends Service        private final int UPDATE INTERVAL   60   1000      private Timer timer   new Timer        private static final int NOTIFICATION EX   1      private NotificationManager notificationManager      CreateNotificationActiviy not       public UpdaterServiceManager             not new CreateNotificationActiviy                Override     public IBinder onBind Intent intent               TODO Auto-generated method stub         return null              Override     public void onCreate                code to execute when the service is first created         super onCreate            Log i  MyService    Service Started             showNotification               public void showNotification                 final Calendar cld   Calendar getInstance             int time   cld get Calendar HOUR OF DAY           if time gt 12                              not createNotification null                       else                       AlertDialog Builder alert new AlertDialog Builder this               alert setMessage  Not yet                alert setTitle  Error                alert setPositiveButton  OK   null               alert create   show                          Override     public void onDestroy             if  timer    null                timer cancel                          Override     public int onStartCommand Intent intent  int flags  int startid                 return START STICKY             private void stopService             if  timer    null  timer cancel               ResultActivity java  package com example newtrial   import android os Bundle  import android app Activity  import android view Menu  import android widget TextView   public class ResultActivity extends Activity         Override     protected void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState            super onCreate savedInstanceState           setContentView R layout activity result           TextView tv  TextView findViewById R id textView1           tv setText  After notification is clicked                 Override     public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu Menu menu               Inflate the menu  this adds items to the action bar if it is present          getMenuInflater   inflate R menu result  menu           return true             Logcat  12-10 12 14 04 286  I Process 872   Sending signal  PID  872 SIG  9 12-10 12 14 11 774  I MyService 893   Service Started  12-10 12 14 12 094  D AndroidRuntime 893   Shutting down VM 12-10 12 14 12 094  W dalvikvm 893   threadid 1  thread exiting with uncaught exception  group 0x414c4700  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893   FATAL EXCEPTION  main 12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893   java lang RuntimeException  Unable to create service com example newtrial UpdaterServiceManager  android view WindowManager BadTokenException  Unable to add window -- token null is not for an application 12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android app ActivityThread handleCreateService ActivityThread java 2587  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android app ActivityThread access 1600 ActivityThread java 141  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android app ActivityThread H handleMessage ActivityThread java 1338  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android os Handler dispatchMessage Handler java 99  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android os Looper loop Looper java 137  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android app ActivityThread main ActivityThread java 5103  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at java lang reflect Method invokeNative Native Method  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at java lang reflect Method invoke Method java 525  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at com android internal os ZygoteInit MethodAndArgsCaller run ZygoteInit java 737  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at com android internal os ZygoteInit main ZygoteInit java 553  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at dalvik system NativeStart main Native Method  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893   Caused by  android view WindowManager BadTokenException  Unable to add window -- token null is not for an application 12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android view ViewRootImpl setView ViewRootImpl java 563  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android view WindowManagerGlobal addView WindowManagerGlobal java 269  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android view WindowManagerImpl addView WindowManagerImpl java 69  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android app Dialog show Dialog java 281  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at com example newtrial UpdaterServiceManager showNotification UpdaterServiceManager java 65  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at com example newtrial UpdaterServiceManager onCreate UpdaterServiceManager java 41  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893    at android app ActivityThread handleCreateService ActivityThread java 2577  12-10 12 14 12 124  E AndroidRuntime 893        10 more

User · Answer

Your error is in UpdaterServiceManager in onCreate and showNotification method   You are trying to show notification from Service using Activity Context  Whereas  Every Service has its own Context  just use the that  You don t need to pass a Service an Activity s Context I don t see why you need a specific Activity s Context to show Notification   Put your createNotification method in UpdateServiceManager class  And remove CreateNotificationActivity not from Service       You cannot display an application window dialog through a Context that is not an Activity  Try passing a valid activity reference

User · Answer

The question is relatively old  but I hope this post still might be relevant for others   TL DR  use AlarmManager to schedule a task  use IntentService  see the sample code here   What this test-application and instruction  is about   Simple helloworld app  which sends you notification every 2 hours  Clicking on notification - opens secondary Activity in the app  deleting notification tracks   When should you use it   Once you need to run some task on a scheduled basis  My own case  once a day  I want to fetch new content from server  compose a notification based on the content I got and show it to user   What to do    First  let s create 2 activities  MainActivity  which starts notification-service and NotificationActivity  which will be started by clicking notification   activity main xml   lt  xml version  1 0  encoding  utf-8   gt   lt RelativeLayout xmlns android  http   schemas android com apk res android      android layout width  match parent      android layout height  match parent      android padding  16dp  gt       lt Button         android id    id sendNotifications          android onClick  onSendNotificationsButtonClick          android layout width  wrap content          android layout height  wrap content          android text  Start Sending Notifications Every 2 Hours     gt   lt  RelativeLayout gt    MainActivity java  public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity        Override     protected void onCreate Bundle savedInstanceState            super onCreate savedInstanceState           setContentView R layout activity main              public void onSendNotificationsButtonClick View view            NotificationEventReceiver setupAlarm getApplicationContext                  and NotificationActivity is any random activity you can come up with  NB  Don t forget to add both activities into AndroidManifest  Then let s create WakefulBroadcastReceiver broadcast receiver  I called NotificationEventReceiver in code above   Here  we ll set up AlarmManager to fire PendingIntent every 2 hours  or with any other frequency   and specify the handled actions for this intent in onReceive   method  In our case - wakefully start IntentService  which we ll specify in the later steps  This IntentService would generate notifications for us   Also  this receiver would contain some helper-methods like creating PendintIntents  which we ll use later  NB1  As I m using WakefulBroadcastReceiver  I need to add extra-permission into my manifest   lt uses-permission android name  android permission WAKE LOCK    gt   NB2  I use it wakeful version of broadcast receiver  as I want to ensure  that the device does not go back to sleep during my IntentService s operation  In the hello-world it s not that important  we have no long-running operation in our service  but imagine  if you have to fetch some relatively huge files from server during this operation   Read more about Device Awake here   NotificationEventReceiver java  public class NotificationEventReceiver extends WakefulBroadcastReceiver        private static final String ACTION START NOTIFICATION SERVICE    ACTION START NOTIFICATION SERVICE       private static final String ACTION DELETE NOTIFICATION    ACTION DELETE NOTIFICATION       private static final int NOTIFICATIONS INTERVAL IN HOURS   2       public static void setupAlarm Context context            AlarmManager alarmManager    AlarmManager  context getSystemService Context ALARM SERVICE           PendingIntent alarmIntent   getStartPendingIntent context           alarmManager setRepeating AlarmManager RTC WAKEUP                  getTriggerAt new Date                     NOTIFICATIONS INTERVAL IN HOURS   AlarmManager INTERVAL HOUR                  alarmIntent               Override     public void onReceive Context context  Intent intent            String action   intent getAction            Intent serviceIntent   null          if  ACTION START NOTIFICATION SERVICE equals action                 Log i getClass   getSimpleName     onReceive from alarm  starting notification service                serviceIntent   NotificationIntentService createIntentStartNotificationService context             else if  ACTION DELETE NOTIFICATION equals action                 Log i getClass   getSimpleName     onReceive delete notification action  starting notification service to handle delete                serviceIntent   NotificationIntentService createIntentDeleteNotification context                      if  serviceIntent    null                startWakefulService context  serviceIntent                        private static long getTriggerAt Date now            Calendar calendar   Calendar getInstance            calendar setTime now             calendar add Calendar HOUR  NOTIFICATIONS INTERVAL IN HOURS           return calendar getTimeInMillis               private static PendingIntent getStartPendingIntent Context context            Intent intent   new Intent context  NotificationEventReceiver class           intent setAction ACTION START NOTIFICATION SERVICE           return PendingIntent getBroadcast context  0  intent  PendingIntent FLAG UPDATE CURRENT              public static PendingIntent getDeleteIntent Context context            Intent intent   new Intent context  NotificationEventReceiver class           intent setAction ACTION DELETE NOTIFICATION           return PendingIntent getBroadcast context  0  intent  PendingIntent FLAG UPDATE CURRENT            Now let s create an IntentService to actually create notifications   There  we specify onHandleIntent   which is responses on NotificationEventReceiver s intent we passed in startWakefulService method   If it s Delete action - we can log it to our analytics  for example  If it s Start notification intent - then by using NotificationCompat Builder we re composing new notification and showing it by NotificationManager notify  While composing notification  we are also setting pending intents for click and remove actions  Fairly Easy   NotificationIntentService java  public class NotificationIntentService extends IntentService        private static final int NOTIFICATION ID   1      private static final String ACTION START    ACTION START       private static final String ACTION DELETE    ACTION DELETE        public NotificationIntentService             super NotificationIntentService class getSimpleName                public static Intent createIntentStartNotificationService Context context            Intent intent   new Intent context  NotificationIntentService class           intent setAction ACTION START           return intent             public static Intent createIntentDeleteNotification Context context            Intent intent   new Intent context  NotificationIntentService class           intent setAction ACTION DELETE           return intent              Override     protected void onHandleIntent Intent intent            Log d getClass   getSimpleName     onHandleIntent  started handling a notification event            try               String action   intent getAction                if  ACTION START equals action                     processStartNotification                              if  ACTION DELETE equals action                     processDeleteNotification intent                           finally               WakefulBroadcastReceiver completeWakefulIntent intent                        private void processDeleteNotification Intent intent               Log something             private void processStartNotification                Do something  For example  fetch fresh data from backend to create a rich notification           final NotificationCompat Builder builder   new NotificationCompat Builder this           builder setContentTitle  Scheduled Notification                    setAutoCancel true                   setColor getResources   getColor R color colorAccent                    setContentText  This notification has been triggered by Notification Service                    setSmallIcon R drawable notification icon            PendingIntent pendingIntent   PendingIntent getActivity this                  NOTIFICATION ID                  new Intent this  NotificationActivity class                   PendingIntent FLAG UPDATE CURRENT           builder setContentIntent pendingIntent           builder setDeleteIntent NotificationEventReceiver getDeleteIntent this             final NotificationManager manager    NotificationManager  this getSystemService Context NOTIFICATION SERVICE           manager notify NOTIFICATION ID  builder build              Almost done  Now I also add broadcast receiver for BOOT COMPLETED  TIMEZONE CHANGED  and TIME SET events to re-setup my AlarmManager  once device has been rebooted or timezone has changed  For example  user flown from USA to Europe and you don t want notification to pop up in the middle of the night  but was sticky to the local time  -      NotificationServiceStarterReceiver java  public final class NotificationServiceStarterReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver         Override     public void onReceive Context context  Intent intent            NotificationEventReceiver setupAlarm context            We need to also register all our services  broadcast receivers in  AndroidManifest    lt  xml version  1 0  encoding  utf-8   gt   lt manifest xmlns android  http   schemas android com apk res android      package  klogi com notificationbyschedule  gt        lt uses-permission android name  android permission INTERNET    gt       lt uses-permission android name  android permission ACCESS NETWORK STATE    gt       lt uses-permission android name  android permission RECEIVE BOOT COMPLETED    gt       lt uses-permission android name  android permission WAKE LOCK    gt        lt application         android allowBackup  true          android icon   mipmap ic launcher          android label   string app name          android supportsRtl  true          android theme   style AppTheme  gt           lt activity android name   MainActivity  gt               lt intent-filter gt                   lt action android name  android intent action MAIN    gt                    lt category android name  android intent category LAUNCHER    gt               lt  intent-filter gt           lt  activity gt            lt service             android name   notifications NotificationIntentService              android enabled  true              android exported  false    gt            lt receiver android name   broadcast receivers NotificationEventReceiver    gt           lt receiver android name   broadcast receivers NotificationServiceStarterReceiver  gt               lt intent-filter gt                   lt action android name  android intent action BOOT COMPLETED    gt                   lt action android name  android intent action TIMEZONE CHANGED    gt                   lt action android name  android intent action TIME SET    gt               lt  intent-filter gt           lt  receiver gt            lt activity             android name   NotificationActivity              android label   string title activity notification              android theme   style AppTheme NoActionBar   gt       lt  application gt    lt  manifest gt     That s it   The source code for this project you can find here  I hope  you will find this post helpful

[android] Using Service to run background and create notification

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