How to import classes defined in init py

Question

I am trying to organize some modules for my own use  I have something like this   lib      init   py   settings py   foo        init   py     someobject py   bar        init   py     somethingelse py   In lib   init   py  I want to define some classes to be used if I import lib  However  I can t seem to figure it out without separating the classes into files  and import them in  init   py    Rather than say       lib          init   py       settings py       helperclass py       foo            init   py         someobject py       bar            init   py         somethingelse py  from lib settings import Values from lib helperclass import Helper   I want something like this       lib          init   py   Helper defined in this file       settings py       foo            init   py         someobject py       bar            init   py         somethingelse py  from lib settings import Values from lib import Helper   Is it possible  or do I have to separate the class into another file   EDIT  OK  if I import lib from another script  I can access the Helper class  How can I access the Helper class from settings py   The example here describes Intra-Package References  I quote  submodules often need to refer to each other   In my case  the lib settings py needs the Helper and lib foo someobject need access to Helper  so where should I define the Helper class

User · Answer

You just put them in   init   py   So with test classes py being   class A object   pass class B object   pass       and test   init   py being   from classes import    class Helper object   pass   You can import test and have access to A  B and Helper   gt  gt  gt  import test  gt  gt  gt  test A  lt class  test classes A  gt   gt  gt  gt  test B  lt class  test classes B  gt   gt  gt  gt  test Helper  lt class  test Helper  gt

User · Answer

Yes  it is possible  You might also want to define   all   in   init   py files  It s a list of modules that will be imported when you do   from lib import

User · Answer

Add something like this to lib   init   py  from  helperclass import Helper  now you can import it directly   from lib import Helper

User · Answer

If lib   init   py defines the Helper class then in settings py you can use   from   import Helper   This works because   is the current directory  and acts as a synonym for the lib package from the point of view of the settings module  Note that it is not necessary to export Helper via   all      Confirmed with python 2 7 10  running on Windows

User · Answer

Edit  since i misunderstood the question   Just put the Helper class in   init   py   Thats perfectly pythonic   It just feels strange coming from languages like Java

User · Answer

lib  s parent directory must be in sys path   Your  lib   init   py  might look like this   from   import settings   or just  import settings  on old Python versions class Helper object         pass    Then the following example should work   from lib settings import Values from lib import Helper   Answer to the edited version of the question     init   py defines how your package looks from outside  If you need to use Helper in settings py then define Helper in a different file e g    lib helper py            -- import submodule py      -- lib      --   init   py      -- foo          --   init   py          -- someobject py      -- helper py      -- settings py  2 directories  6 files   The command     python import submodule py   Output   settings helper Helper in lib settings someobject Helper in lib foo someobject      import submodule py import fnmatch  os from lib settings import Values from lib import Helper  print for root  dirs  files in os walk           for f in fnmatch filter files     py            print     s  s     os path basename root   f          print open os path join root  f   read           print     lib helper py print  helper  class Helper object       def   init   self  module name           print  Helper in   module name     lib settings py print  settings  import helper  class Values object       pass  helper Helper   name        lib   init   py  from   future   import absolute import import settings  foo someobject  helper  Helper   helper Helper     foo someobject py print  someobject  from    import helper  helper Helper   name        foo   init   py import someobject

User · Answer

Maybe this could work   import   init   as lib

[python] How to import classes defined in init.py

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