Combine several images horizontally with Python

Question

I am trying to horizontally combine some JPEG images in Python  Problem I have 3 images - each is 148 x 95 - see attached  I just made 3 copies of the same image - that is why they are the same   My attempt I am trying to horizontally join them using the following code  import sys from PIL import Image  list im     Test1 jpg   Test2 jpg   Test3 jpg      creates a new empty image  RGB mode  and size 444 by 95 new im   Image new  RGB    444 95    for elem in list im      for i in xrange 0 444 95           im Image open elem          new im paste im   i 0   new im save  test jpg    However  this is producing the output attached as test jpg   Question Is there a way to horizontally concatenate these images such that the sub-images in test jpg do not have an extra partial image showing  Additional Information I am looking for a way to horizontally concatenate n images  I would like to use this code generally so I would prefer to   not to hard-code image dimensions  if possible specify dimensions in one line so that they can be easily changed

User · Answer

my solution would be    import sys import os from PIL import Image  ImageFilter from PIL import ImageFont from PIL import ImageDraw   os chdir  C  Users Sidik Desktop setup   print os getcwd     image list    IMG 7292 jpg   IMG 7293 jpg   IMG 7294 jpg    IMG 7295 jpg     image    Image open x  for x in image list     list im 1   image 0  rotate 270  im 2   image 1  rotate 270  im 3   image 2  rotate 270   im 4   image 3  rotate 270   height   image 0  size 0  width   image 0  size 1    Create an empty white image frame new im   Image new  RGB   height 2 width 2   255 255 255    new im paste im 1  0 0   new im paste im 2  height 0   new im paste im 3  0 width   new im paste im 4  height width     draw   ImageDraw Draw new im  font   ImageFont truetype  arial  200   draw text  0  0     a    fill  white   font font  draw text  height  0     b    fill  white   font font  draw text  0  width     c    fill  white   font font   draw text  height  width     d    fill  white   font font   new im show   new im save  BS1319 pdf         Laser spots on the edge  1   1

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Here s my solution   from PIL import Image   def join images  rows  bg color  0  0  0  0   alignment  0 5  0 5        rows              image convert  RGBA   for image in row          for row         in rows            heights             max image height for image in row          for row         in rows            widths             max image width for image in column          for column         in zip  rows             tmp   Image new           RGBA           size  sum widths   sum heights            color bg color            for i  row in enumerate rows           for j  image in enumerate row               y   sum heights  i     int  heights i  - image height    alignment 1               x   sum widths  j     int  widths j  - image width    alignment 0               tmp paste image   x  y        return tmp   def join images horizontally  row  bg color  0  0  0   alignment  0 5  0 5        return join images          row          bg color bg color          alignment alignment         def join images vertically  column  bg color  0  0  0   alignment  0 5  0 5        return join images             image  for image in column           bg color bg color          alignment alignment         For these images   images          Image open  banana png    Image open  apple png          Image open  lime png    Image open  lemon png         Results will look like     join images       images      bg color  green       alignment  0 5  0 5    show         join images       images      bg color  green       alignment  0  0     show         join images       images      bg color  green       alignment  1  1    show

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If all image   s heights are same   imgs       a jpg        b jpg        c jpg     concatenated   Image fromarray    np concatenate       np array Image open x   for x in imgs       axis 1         maybe you can resize images before the concatenation like this   imgs       a jpg        b jpg        c jpg     concatenated   Image fromarray    np concatenate       np array Image open x  resize  640 480   for x in imgs       axis 1

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from   future   import print function import os from pil import Image  files            1 png          2 png          3 png          4 png    result   Image new  RGB    800  800    for index  file in enumerate files   path   os path expanduser file  img   Image open path  img thumbnail  400  400   Image ANTIALIAS  x   index    2   400 y   index   2   400 w  h   img size result paste img   x  y  x   w  y   h    result save os path expanduser  output jpg        Output

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I would try this  import numpy as np import PIL from PIL import Image  list im     Test1 jpg    Test2 jpg    Test3 jpg   imgs        PIL Image open i  for i in list im     pick the image which is the smallest  and resize the others to match it  can be arbitrary image shape here  min shape   sorted    np sum i size   i size   for i in imgs   0  1  imgs comb   np hstack   np asarray  i resize min shape    for i in imgs        save that beautiful picture imgs comb   PIL Image fromarray  imgs comb  imgs comb save   Trifecta jpg           for a vertical stacking it is simple  use vstack imgs comb   np vstack   np asarray  i resize min shape    for i in imgs     imgs comb   PIL Image fromarray  imgs comb  imgs comb save   Trifecta vertical jpg     It should work as long as all images are of the same variety   all RGB  all RGBA  or all grayscale   It shouldn t be difficult to ensure this is the case with a few more lines of code  Here are my example images  and the result  Test1 jpg  Test2 jpg  Test3 jpg  Trifecta jpg   Trifecta vertical jpg

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Just adding to the solutions already suggested  Assumes same height  no resizing   import sys import glob from PIL import Image Image MAX IMAGE PIXELS   100000000    For PIL Image error when handling very large images  imgs        Image open i  for i in list im    widths  heights   zip   i size for i in imgs   total width   sum widths  max height   max heights   new im   Image new  RGB    total width  max height      Place first image new im paste imgs 0   0 0      Iteratively append images in list horizontally hoffset 0 for i in range 1 len imgs  1         hoffset imgs i-1  size 0  hoffset    update offset       new im paste imgs i     hoffset 0      new im save  output horizontal montage jpg

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You can do something like this   import sys from PIL import Image  images    Image open x  for x in   Test1 jpg    Test2 jpg    Test3 jpg    widths  heights   zip   i size for i in images    total width   sum widths  max height   max heights   new im   Image new  RGB    total width  max height    x offset   0 for im in images    new im paste im   x offset 0     x offset    im size 0   new im save  test jpg     Test1 jpg    Test2 jpg    Test3 jpg    test jpg      The nested for for i in xrange 0 444 95   is pasting each image 5 times  staggered 95 pixels apart  Each outer loop iteration pasting over the previous   for elem in list im    for i in xrange 0 444 95       im Image open elem      new im paste im   i 0     new im save  new     elem     jpg

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merge image takes three parameters first two parameters specify  the two images to be merged and third parameter i e  vertically is a boolean type which if True merges images vertically and finally saves and returns the file name     def merge image img1  img2  vertically       images   list map Image open   img1  img2        widths  heights   zip   i size for i in images       if vertically          max width   max widths          total height   sum heights          new im   Image new  RGB    max width  total height            y offset   0         for im in images              new im paste im   0  y offset               y offset    im size 1      else          total width   sum widths          max height   max heights          new im   Image new  RGB    total width  max height            x offset   0         for im in images              new im paste im   x offset  0               x offset    im size 0       new im save  test jpg       return  test jpg

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Here is a function generalizing previous approaches  creating a grid of images in PIL   from PIL import Image import numpy as np  def pil grid images  max horiz np iinfo int  max       n images   len images      n horiz   min n images  max horiz      h sizes  v sizes    0    n horiz   0     n images    n horiz      for i  im in enumerate images           h  v   i   n horiz  i    n horiz         h sizes h    max h sizes h   im size 0           v sizes v    max v sizes v   im size 1       h sizes  v sizes   np cumsum  0    h sizes   np cumsum  0    v sizes      im grid   Image new  RGB    h sizes -1   v sizes -1    color  white       for i  im in enumerate images           im grid paste im   h sizes i   n horiz   v sizes i    n horiz        return im grid   It will shrink each row and columns of the grid to the minimum  You can have only a row by using pil grid images   or only a column by using pil grid images  1    One benefit of using PIL over numpy-array based solutions is that you can deal with images structured differently  like grayscale or palette-based images    Example outputs  def dummy w  h        Produces a dummy PIL image of given dimensions      from PIL import ImageDraw     im   Image new  RGB    w  h   color tuple  np random rand 3    255  astype np uint8        draw   ImageDraw Draw im      points     i  j  for i in  0  im size 0   for j in  0  im size 1        for i in range len points  - 1           for j in range i 1  len points                draw line points i    points j   fill  black   width 2      return im  dummy images    dummy 20   np random randint 30   20   np random randint 30   for   in range 10     pil grid dummy images      pil grid dummy images  3      pil grid dummy images  1

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Based on DTing s answer I created a function that is easier to use   from PIL import Image   def append images images  direction  horizontal                     bg color  255 255 255   aligment  center                Appends images in horizontal vertical direction       Args          images  List of PIL images         direction  direction of concatenation   horizontal  or  vertical          bg color  Background color  default  white          aligment  alignment mode if images need padding              left    right    top    bottom   or  center       Returns          Concatenated image as a new PIL image object              widths  heights   zip   i size for i in images        if direction   horizontal           new width   sum widths          new height   max heights      else          new width   max widths          new height   sum heights       new im   Image new  RGB    new width  new height   color bg color        offset   0     for im in images          if direction   horizontal               y   0             if aligment     center                   y   int  new height - im size 1   2              elif aligment     bottom                   y   new height - im size 1              new im paste im   offset  y               offset    im size 0          else              x   0             if aligment     center                   x   int  new width - im size 0   2              elif aligment     right                   x   new width - im size 0              new im paste im   x  offset               offset    im size 1       return new im   It allows choosing a background color and image alignment  It s also easy to do recursion   images   map Image open    hummingbird jpg    tiger jpg    monarch png     combo 1   append images images  direction  horizontal   combo 2   append images images  direction  horizontal   aligment  top                           bg color  220  140  60   combo 3   append images  combo 1  combo 2   direction  vertical   combo 3 save  combo 3 png

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Edit  DTing s answer is more applicable to your question since it uses PIL  but I ll leave this up in case you want to know how to do it in numpy   Here is a numpy matplotlib solution that should work for N images  only color images  of any size shape   import numpy as np import matplotlib pyplot as plt  def concat images imga  imgb               Combines two color image ndarrays side-by-side              ha wa   imga shape  2      hb wb   imgb shape  2      max height   np max  ha  hb       total width   wa wb     new img   np zeros shape  max height  total width  3       new img  ha  wa  imga     new img  hb wa wa wb  imgb     return new img  def concat n images image path list               Combines N color images from a list of image paths              output   None     for i  img path in enumerate image path list           img   plt imread img path       3          if i  0              output   img         else              output   concat images output  img      return output   Here is example use    gt  gt  gt  images     ronda jpeg    rhod jpeg    ronda jpeg    rhod jpeg    gt  gt  gt  output   concat n images images   gt  gt  gt  import matplotlib pyplot as plt  gt  gt  gt  plt imshow output   gt  gt  gt  plt show

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