How to access a value defined in the application properties file in Spring Boot

Question

I want to access values provided in application properties  e g    logging level org springframework web  DEBUG logging level org hibernate  ERROR logging file   HOME  application log  userBucket path   HOME  bucket   I want to access userBucket path in my main program in a Spring Boot application

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There are two way    you can directly use  Value in you class         Value       application yml field name          public String ymlField    OR    To make it clean you can clean  Configuration class where you can add all your  value    Configuration public class AppConfig         Value       application yml field name          public String ymlField

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There are 2 ways to access value from application properties file  Using  Value annotation       Value  quot   property-name  quot       private data type var name    Using instance of Environment Class   Autowired private Environment environment     access this way in the method where it s required  data type var name   environment getProperty  quot property-name quot     you can also inject instance of environment using constructor injection or creating a bean yourself

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1 Injecting a property with the  Value annotation is straightforward   Value     jdbc url     private String jdbcUrl   2  we can obtain the value of a property using the Environment API   Autowired private Environment env      dataSource setUrl env getProperty  jdbc url

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Spring-boot allows us several methods to provide externalized configurations   you can try using application yml or yaml files instead of the property file and provide different property files setup according to different environments   We can separate out the properties for each environment into separate yml files under separate spring profiles Then during deployment you can use    java -jar -Drun profiles SpringProfileName   to specify which spring profile to use Note that the yml files should be name like  application- environmentName  yml   for them to be automatically taken up by springboot    Reference   https   docs spring io spring-boot docs current reference html boot-features-external-config html boot-features-external-config-profile-specific-properties  To read from the application yml or property file    The easiest way to read a value from the property file or yml is to use the spring  value annotation Spring automatically loads all values from the yml to the spring environment   so we can directly use those values from the environment like     Component public class MySampleBean     Value    name    private String sampleName               Or another method that spring provides to read strongly typed beans is as follows   YML  ymca      remote-address  192 168 1 1     security          username  admin   Corresponding POJO to read the yml     ConfigurationProperties  ymca   public class YmcaProperties       private InetAddress remoteAddress      private final Security security   new Security        public boolean isEnabled               public void setEnabled boolean enabled              public InetAddress getRemoteAddress               public void setRemoteAddress InetAddress remoteAddress              public Security getSecurity               public static class Security           private String username          private String password          public String getUsername                   public void setUsername String username                  public String getPassword                   public void setPassword String password                    The above method works well with yml files   Reference  https   docs spring io spring-boot docs current reference html boot-features-external-config html

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Best ways to get property values are using   1  Using Value annotation   Value    property key    private String propertyKeyVariable    2  Using Enviornment bean   Autowired private Environment env   public String getValue         return env getProperty  property key       public void display      System out println    Value     getValue

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to pick the values from property file  we can have a Config reader class something like ApplicationConfigReader class Then define all the variables against properties  Refer below example  application properties  myapp nationality  INDIAN myapp gender  Male  Below is corresponding reader class   Component  EnableConfigurationProperties  ConfigurationProperties prefix    quot myapp quot    class AppConfigReader      private String nationality      private String gender        getter  amp  setter    Now we can auto-wire the reader class wherever we want to access property values  e g   Service class ServiceImpl       Autowired     private AppConfigReader appConfigReader                   fetching values from config reader     String nationality   appConfigReader getNationality          String gender   appConfigReader getGender

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Value Spring annotation is used for injecting values into fields in Spring-manged beans  and it can be applied to the field or constructor method parameter level  Examples  String value from the annotation to the field       Value  quot string value identifire in property file quot       private String stringValue    We can also use the  Value annotation to inject a Map property  First  we ll need to define the property in the  key     value    form in our properties file       valuesMap  key1   1   key2   2   key3   3    Not that the values in the Map must be in single quotes  Now inject this value from the property file as a Map      Value  quot     valuesMap   quot      private Map lt String  Integer gt  valuesMap   To get the value of a specific key     Value  quot     valuesMap  key1  quot      private Integer valuesMapKey1    We can also use the  Value annotation to inject a List property       Value  quot      listOfValues   split       quot      private List lt String gt  valuesList

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I had this problem too  But there is very simple solution  Just declare your variable in constructor  My example  application propperties   Session session timeout 15  SessionServiceImpl class  private final int SESSION TIMEOUT  private final SessionRepository sessionRepository    Autowired public SessionServiceImpl  Value  quot   session timeout  quot   int sessionTimeout                            SessionRepository sessionRepository        this SESSION TIMEOUT   sessionTimeout      this sessionRepository   sessionRepository

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ConfigurationProperties can be used to map values from  properties   yml also supported  to a POJO   Consider the following Example file    properties  cust data employee name Sachin cust data employee dept Cricket   Employee java  import org springframework boot context properties ConfigurationProperties  import org springframework context annotation Configuration    ConfigurationProperties prefix    cust data employee    Configuration  employeeProperties   public class Employee        private String name      private String dept         Getters and Setters go here     Now the properties value can be accessed by autowiring employeeProperties as follows    Autowired private Employee employeeProperties   public void method         String employeeName   employeeProperties getName       String employeeDept   employeeProperties getDept

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Another way is injecting org springframework core env Environment to your bean    Autowired private Environment env        public void method                     String path   env getProperty  userBucket path

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Tried Class PropertiesLoaderUtils   This approach uses no annotation of Spring boot  A traditional Class way  example  Resource resource   new ClassPathResource  quot  application properties quot        Properties props   PropertiesLoaderUtils loadProperties resource       String url server props getProperty  quot server url quot     Use getProperty   method to pass the key and access the value in the properties file

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You can use the  Value to load variables from the application properties if you will use this value in one place  but if you need a more centralized way to load this variables  ConfigurationProperties is a better approach   Additionally you can load variables and cast it automatically if you need different data types to perform your validations and business logic   application properties custom-app enable-mocks   false   Value    custom-app enable-mocks    private boolean enableMocks

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For me  none of the above did directly work for me  What I did is the following   Additionally to  Rodrigo Villalba Zayas answer up there I added implements InitializingBean to the class and implemented the method    Override public void afterPropertiesSet         String path   env getProperty  userBucket path        So that will look like  import org springframework core env Environment  public class xyz implements InitializingBean         Autowired     private Environment env      private String path                  Override     public void afterPropertiesSet             path   env getProperty  userBucket path               public void method             System out println  Path      path

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Currently  I know about the following three ways   1  The  Value annotation       Value     lt property name gt         private static final  lt datatype gt  PROPERTY NAME     In my experience there are some situations when you are not able to get the value or it is set to null   For instance  when you try to set it in a preConstruct   method or an init   method  This happens because the value injection happens after the class is fully constructed  This is why it is better to use the 3 rd option    2  The  PropertySource annotation   lt pre gt  PropertySource  classpath application properties      env is an Environment variable env getProperty configKey   lt  pre gt     PropertySouce sets values from the property source file in an Environment variable  in your class  when the class is loaded  So you able to fetch easily afterword    Accessible through System Environment variable     3  The  ConfigurationProperties annotation    This is mostly used in Spring projects to load configuration properties  It initializes an entity based on property data     ConfigurationProperties identifies the property file to load   Configuration creates a bean based on configuration file variables     ConfigurationProperties prefix    user    Configuration  UserData   class user       Property   their getter   setter     Autowired private UserData userData   userData getPropertyName

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You can use  Value  quot   property-name  quot   from the application properties if your class is annotated with  Configuration or  Component  There s one more way I tried out was making a Utility class to read properties in the following way -  protected PropertiesUtility    throws IOException       properties   new Properties        InputStream inputStream       getClass   getClassLoader   getResourceAsStream  quot application properties quot        properties load inputStream      You can make use of static method to get the value of the key passed as the parameter

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You can do it this way as well       Component  PropertySource  classpath application properties   public class ConfigProperties         Autowired     private Environment env       public String getConfigValue String configKey           return env getProperty configKey             Then wherever you want to read from application properties  just pass the key to getConfigValue method    Autowired ConfigProperties configProp      Read server port from app prop String portNumber   configProp getConfigValue  server port

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follow these steps  1 - create your configuration class like below you can see  import org springframework context annotation Bean  import org springframework context annotation Configuration  import org springframework beans factory annotation Value    Configuration public class YourConfiguration          passing the key which you set in application properties      Value    userBucket path        private String userBucket         getting the value from that key which you set in application properties      Bean     public String getUserBucketPath             return userBucket            2 - when you have a configuration class then inject in the variable from a configuration where you need    Component public class YourService         Autowired     private String getUserBucketPath          now you have a value in getUserBucketPath varibale automatically

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you can use   ConfigurationProperties it s simple and easy to access a value defined in application properties  datasource app datasource first jdbc-url jdbc mysql   x x x x 3306 ovtools useUnicode true amp useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift true amp useLegacyDatetimeCode false amp serverTimezone UTC app datasource first username  app datasource first password  app datasource first driver-class-name com mysql cj jdbc Driver server port 8686 spring jpa hibernate ddl-auto update spring jpa generate-ddl true spring jpa show-sql true spring jpa database mysql    Slf4j  Configuration public class DataSourceConfig        Bean name    quot tracenvDb quot        Primary      ConfigurationProperties prefix    quot app datasource first quot       public DataSource mysqlDataSourceanomalie             return DataSourceBuilder create   build                Bean name    quot JdbcTemplateenv quot       public JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateanomalie  Qualifier  quot tracenvDb quot   DataSource datasourcetracenv            return new JdbcTemplate datasourcetracenv

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The best thing is to use  Value annotation it will automatically assign value to your object private Environment en  This will reduce your code and it will be easy to filter your files

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You can use the  Value annotation for reading values from an application properties yml file   Value  quot   application name  quot   private String applicationName

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An application can read 3 types of value from the application properties file   application properties         my name kelly  my dbConnection   connection srting  http   localhost      username  benz  password  pwd     class file   Value    my name    private String name    Value      my dbConnection     private Map lt String String gt  dbValues    If you don t have a property in application properties then you can use default value           Value    your name   default value             private String msg

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You can use the  Value annotation and access the property in whichever Spring bean you re using    Value    userBucket path    private String userBucketPath    The Externalized Configuration section of the Spring Boot docs  explains all the details that you might need

[java] How to access a value defined in the application.properties file in Spring Boot

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