but as for this method, I don't understand the purpose of Integer.MAX_VALUE and Integer.MIN_VALUE.
By starting out with smallest set to Integer.MAX_VALUE and largest set to Integer.MIN_VALUE, they don't have to worry later about the special case where smallest and largest don't have a value yet. If the data I'm looking through has a 10 as the first value, then numbers[i]<smallest will be true (because 10 is < Integer.MAX_VALUE) and we'll update smallest to be 10. Similarly, numbers[i]>largest will be true because 10 is > Integer.MIN_VALUE and we'll update largest. And so on.
Of course, when doing this, you must ensure that you have at least one value in the data you're looking at. Otherwise, you end up with apocryphal numbers in smallest and largest.
Note the point Onome Sotu makes in the comments:
...if the first item in the array is larger than the rest, then the largest item will always be Integer.MIN_VALUE because of the else-if statement.
Which is true; here's a simpler example demonstrating the problem (live copy):
public class Example
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int[] values = {5, 1, 2};
int smallest = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int largest = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
for (int value : values) {
if (value < smallest) {
smallest = value;
} else if (value > largest) {
largest = value;
}
}
System.out.println(smallest + ", " + largest); // 1, 2 -- WRONG
}
}
To fix it, either:
Don't use else, or
Start with smallest and largest equal to the first element, and then loop the remaining elements, keeping the else if.
Here's an example of that second one (live copy):
public class Example
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int[] values = {5, 1, 2};
int smallest = values[0];
int largest = values[0];
for (int n = 1; n < values.length; ++n) {
int value = values[n];
if (value < smallest) {
smallest = value;
} else if (value > largest) {
largest = value;
}
}
System.out.println(smallest + ", " + largest); // 1, 5
}
}