[python] Python sys.argv lists and indexes

In the below code I understand that sys.argv uses lists, however I am not clear on how the index's are used here.

def main():

  if len(sys.argv) >= 2:
    name = sys.argv[1]
  else:
    name = 'World'
  print 'Hello', name

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

If I change

name = sys.argv[1]

to

name = sys.argv[0] 

and type something for an argument it returns:

Hello C:\Documents and Settings\fred\My Documents\Downloads\google-python-exercises
\google-python-exercises\hello.py

Which kind of make sense.

Can someone explain how the 2 is used here:

if len(sys.argv) >= 2:

And how the 1 is used here:

name = sys.argv[1] 

sys.argv is the list of arguments passed to the Python program. The first argument, sys.argv[0], is actually the name of the program as it was invoked. That's not a Python thing, but how most operating systems work. The reason sys.argv[0] exists is so you can change your program's behaviour depending on how it was invoked. sys.argv[1] is thus the first argument you actually pass to the program.

Because lists (like most sequences) in Python start indexing at 0, and because indexing past the end of the list is an error, you need to check if the list has length 2 or longer before you can access sys.argv[1].

In a nutshell, sys.argv is a list of the words that appear in the command used to run the program. The first word (first element of the list) is the name of the program, and the rest of the elements of the list are any arguments provided. In most computer languages (including Python), lists are indexed from zero, meaning that the first element in the list (in this case, the program name) is sys.argv[0], and the second element (first argument, if there is one) is sys.argv[1], etc.

The test len(sys.argv) >= 2 simply checks wither the list has a length greater than or equal to 2, which will be the case if there was at least one argument provided to the program.

So if I wanted to return a first name and last name like: Hello Fred Gerbig I would use the code below, this code works but is it actually the most correct way to do it?

import sys
def main():
  if len(sys.argv) >= 2:
    fname = sys.argv[1]
    lname = sys.argv[2]
  else:
    name = 'World'
  print 'Hello', fname, lname
if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

Edit: Found that the above code works with 2 arguments but crashes with 1. Tried to set len to 3 but that did nothing, still crashes (re-read the other answers and now understand why the 3 did nothing). How do I bypass the arguments if only one is entered? Or how would error checking look that returned "You must enter 2 arguments"?

Edit 2: Got it figured out:

import sys
def main():
  if len(sys.argv) >= 2:
    name = sys.argv[1] + " " + sys.argv[2]
  else:
    name = 'World'
  print 'Hello', name
if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

As explained in the different asnwers already, sys.argv contains the command line arguments that called your Python script.

However, Python comes with libraries that help you parse command line arguments very easily. Namely, the new standard argparse. Using argparse would spare you the need to write a lot of boilerplate code.