CURL alternative in Python

Question

I have a cURL call that I use in PHP      curl -i -H  Accept  application xml  -u login key  https   app streamsend com emails    I need a way to do the same thing in Python  Is there an alternative to cURL in Python  I know of urllib but I m a Python noob and have no idea how to use it

User · Answer

Here s a simple example using urllib2 that does a basic authentication against GitHub s API   import urllib2  u  username  p  userpass  url  https   api github com users username     simple wrapper function to encode the username  amp  pass def encodeUserData user  password       return  Basic      user         password  encode  base64   rstrip      create the request object and set some headers req   urllib2 Request url  req add header  Accept    application json   req add header  Content-type    application x-www-form-urlencoded   req add header  Authorization   encodeUserData u  p     make the request and print the results res   urllib2 urlopen req  print res read     Furthermore if you wrap this in a script and run it from a terminal you can pipe the response string to  mjson tool  to enable pretty printing    gt  gt  basicAuth py   python -mjson tool   One last thing to note  urllib2 only supports GET  amp  POST requests   If you need to use other HTTP verbs like DELETE  PUT  etc you ll probably want to take a look at PYCURL

User · Answer

Some example  how to use urllib for that things  with some sugar syntax  I know about requests and other libraries  but urllib is standard lib for python and doesn t require anything to be installed separately   Python 2 3 compatible   import sys if sys version info major    3    from urllib request import HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm  HTTPBasicAuthHandler  Request  build opener   from urllib parse import urlencode else    from urllib2 import HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm  HTTPBasicAuthHandler  Request  build opener   from urllib import urlencode   def curl url  params None  auth None  req type  GET   data None  headers None     post req     POST    PUT     get req     GET    DELETE      if params is not None      url          urlencode params     if req type not in post req   get req      raise IOError  Wrong request type    s   passed    req type      headers        handler chain         if auth is not None      manager   HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm       manager add password None  url  auth  user    auth  pass        handler chain append HTTPBasicAuthHandler manager      if req type in post req and data is not None       headers  Content-Length     len data     if headers is not None       headers update headers     director   build opener  handler chain     if req type in post req      if sys version info major    3         data   bytes data  encoding  utf8       else         data   bytes data       req   Request url  headers  headers  data  data    else      req   Request url  headers  headers     req get method   lambda  req type   result   director open req     return        httpcode   result code       headers   result info         content   result read             Usage example       Post data    curl  http   127 0 0 1    req type  POST   data  cascac    Pass arguments  http   127 0 0 1  q show     curl  http   127 0 0 1    params   q    show    req type  POST   data  cascac    HTTP Authorization    curl  http   127 0 0 1 secure data txt   auth   user    username    pass    password      Function is not complete and possibly is not ideal  but shows a basic representation and concept to use  Additional things could be added or changed by taste   12 08 update  Here is a GitHub link to live updated source    Currently supporting    authorization CRUD compatible automatic charset detection automatic encoding compression  detection

User · Answer

If it s running all of the above from the command line that you re looking for  then I d recommend HTTPie  It is a fantastic cURL alternative and is super easy and convenient to use  and customize    Here s is its  succinct and precise  description from GitHub      HTTPie  pronounced aych-tee-tee-pie  is a command line HTTP client    Its goal is to make CLI interaction with web services as   human-friendly as possible        It provides a simple http command that allows for sending arbitrary   HTTP requests using a simple and natural syntax  and displays   colorized output  HTTPie can be used for testing  debugging  and   generally interacting with HTTP servers      The documentation around authentication should give you enough pointers to solve your problem s   Of course  all of the answers above are accurate as well  and provide different ways of accomplishing the same task     Just so you do NOT have to move away from Stack Overflow  here s what it offers in a nutshell    x000D   x000D  Basic auth  x000D   x000D    http -a username password example org x000D  Digest auth  x000D   x000D    http --auth-type digest -a username password example org x000D  With password prompt  x000D   x000D    http -a username example org x000D   x000D   x000D

User · Answer

import requests  url    https   example tld   auth     username    password    r   requests get url  auth auth  print r content   This is the simplest I ve been able to get it

User · Answer

You can use HTTP Requests that are described in the Requests  HTTP for Humans user guide

User · Answer

If you are using a command to just call curl like that  you can do the same thing in Python with subprocess  Example   subprocess call   curl    -i    -H     Accept  application xml     -u    login key     https   app streamsend com emails       Or you could try PycURL if you want to have it as a more structured api like what PHP has

User · Answer

import urllib2  manager   urllib2 HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm   manager add password None   https   app streamsend com emails    login    key   handler   urllib2 HTTPBasicAuthHandler manager   director   urllib2 OpenerDirector   director add handler handler   req   urllib2 Request  https   app streamsend com emails   headers     Accept     application xml     result   director open req    result read   will contain the data   result info   will contain the HTTP headers    To get say the content-length header length   result info    Content-Length     Your cURL call using urllib2 instead  Completely untested

[python] CURL alternative in Python

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