How to capitalize the first letter of a String in Java

Question

I am using Java to get a String input from the user  I am trying to make the first letter of this input capitalized    I tried this   String name   BufferedReader br   new InputStreamReader System in    String s1   name charAt 0  toUppercase      System out println s1   name substring 1      which led to these compiler errors       Type mismatch  cannot convert from InputStreamReader to BufferedReader     Cannot invoke toUppercase   on the primitive type char

User · Answer

try this one

What this method does is that, Consider the word "hello world" this method turn it into "Hello World" capitalize the beginning of each word .

 private String capitalizer(String word){

        String[] words = word.split(" ");
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        if (words[0].length() > 0) {
            sb.append(Character.toUpperCase(words[0].charAt(0)) + words[0].subSequence(1, words[0].length()).toString().toLowerCase());
            for (int i = 1; i < words.length; i++) {
                sb.append(" ");
                sb.append(Character.toUpperCase(words[i].charAt(0)) + words[i].subSequence(1, words[i].length()).toString().toLowerCase());
            }
        }
        return  sb.toString();

    }

User · Answer

Following example also capitalizes words after special characters such as   -     public static String capitalize String text        char   stringArray   text trim   toCharArray        boolean wordStarted   false      for  int i   0  i  lt  stringArray length  i            char ch   stringArray i         if   ch  gt    a   amp  amp  ch  lt    z       ch  gt    A   amp  amp  ch  lt    Z      ch                    if   wordStarted               stringArray i    Character toUpperCase stringArray i              wordStarted   true                     else           wordStarted   false                    return new String stringArray        Example  capitalize  that s a beautiful wonderful life we have We really-do    Output  That s A Beautiful Wonderful Life We Have We Really-Do

User · Answer

You can use substring   to do this     But there are two different cases   Case 1  If the String you are capitalizing is meant to be human-readable  you should also specify the default locale   String firstLetterCapitalized        myString substring 0  1  toUpperCase Locale getDefault      myString substring 1     Case 2  If the String you are capitalizing is meant to be machine-readable  avoid using Locale getDefault   because the string that is returned will be inconsistent across different regions  and in this case always specify the same locale  for example  toUpperCase Locale ENGLISH     This will ensure that the strings you are using for internal processing are consistent  which will help you avoid difficult-to-find bugs   Note  You do not have to specify Locale getDefault   for toLowerCase    as this is done automatically

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What about WordUtils capitalizeFully     import org apache commons lang3 text WordUtils   public class Main        public static void main String   args             final String str1    HELLO WORLD           System out println capitalizeFirstLetter str1       output  Hello World          final String str2    Hello WORLD           System out println capitalizeFirstLetter str2       output  Hello World          final String str3    hello world           System out println capitalizeFirstLetter str3       output  Hello World          final String str4    heLLo wORld           System out println capitalizeFirstLetter str4       output  Hello World            private static String capitalizeFirstLetter String str            return WordUtils capitalizeFully str

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You can use the following code   public static String capitalizeString String string         if  string    null    string trim   isEmpty              return string            char c     string trim   toLowerCase   toCharArray        c 0    Character toUpperCase c 0         return new String c        example test with JUnit     Test public void capitalizeStringUpperCaseTest          String string    HELLO WORLD          string   capitalizeString string        assertThat string  is  Hello world         Test public void capitalizeStringLowerCaseTest          String string    hello world          string   capitalizeString string        assertThat string  is  Hello world

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public void capitalizeFirstLetter JTextField textField         try            if   textField getText   isEmpty                  StringBuilder b   new StringBuilder textField getText                 int i   0              do                   b replace i  i   1  b substring i  i   1  toUpperCase                     i   b indexOf      i    1                while  i  gt  0  amp  amp  i  lt  b length                 textField setText b toString                      catch  Exception e            e printStackTrace            JOptionPane showMessageDialog null  e   Error   JOptionPane ERROR MESSAGE

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import java util    public class Program       public static void main String   args                   Scanner sc new Scanner System in           String s1 sc nextLine            String   s2 s1 split           split text into words            ArrayList lt String gt  l   new ArrayList lt String gt         list            for String w  s2          l add w substring 0 1  toUpperCase   w substring 1                  converting 1st letter to capital and adding to list            StringBuilder sb   new StringBuilder        i used StringBuilder to convert words to text             for  String s   l                           sb append s                sb append                         System out println sb toString         to print output                i have used split function to split the string into words then again i took list to get the first letter capital in that words and then i took string builder to print the output in string format with spaces in it

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thanks I have read some of the comments and I came with the following   public static void main String args       String myName    nasser   String newName   myName toUpperCase   charAt 0     myName substring 1   System out println newName        I hope its helps  good luck

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Using commons lang StringUtils the best answer is    public static String capitalize String str          int strLen        return str    null  amp  amp   strLen   str length       0    new StringBuffer strLen   append Character toTitleCase str charAt 0    append str substring 1   toString     str        I find it brilliant since it wraps the string with a StringBuffer  You can manipulate the StringBuffer as you wish and though using the same instance

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Current answers are either incorrect or over-complicate this simple task  After doing some research  here are two approaches I come up with   1  String s substring   Method  public static String capitalize String str        if str   null    str isEmpty              return str             return str substring 0  1  toUpperCase     str substring 1       Examples   System out println capitalize  java        Java System out println capitalize  beTa        BeTa System out println capitalize null       null   2  Apache Commons Lang  The Apache Commons Lang library provides StringUtils the class for this purpose   System out println StringUtils capitalize  apache commons        Apache commons System out println StringUtils capitalize  heLLO        HeLLO System out println StringUtils uncapitalize null       null   Don t forget to add the following dependency to your pom xml file    lt dependency gt       lt groupId gt org apache commons lt  groupId gt       lt artifactId gt commons-lang3 lt  artifactId gt       lt version gt 3 9 lt  version gt   lt  dependency gt

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Existing answers are either   incorrect  they think that char is a separate character  code point   while it is a UTF-16 word which can be a half of a surrogate pair  or use libraries which is not bad itself but requires adding dependencies to your project  or use Java 8 Streams which is perfectly valid but not always possible    Let s look at surrogate characters  every such character consist of two UTF-16 words     Java chars  and can have upper and lowercase variants   IntStream rangeClosed 0x01 0000  0x10 FFFF       filter ch - gt  Character toUpperCase ch     Character toLowerCase ch        forEach ch - gt  System out print new String new int     ch    0  1       Many of them may look like  tofu      for you but they are mostly valid characters of rare scripts and some typefaces support them   For example  let s look at Deseret Small Letter Long I     U 10428    uD801 uDC28    System out println  U     Integer toHexString            uD801 uDC28  codePointAt 0         U 10428  System out println  U     Integer toHexString          Character toTitleCase   uD801 uDC28  codePointAt 0          U 10400     ok  capitalized character is another code point  System out println  U     Integer toHexString new String new char             Character toTitleCase   uD801 uDC28  charAt 0      uD801 uDC28  charAt 1     codePointAt 0        U 10428     oops      cannot capitalize an unpaired surrogate   So  a code point can be capitalized even in cases when char cannot be  Considering this  let s write a correct  and Java 1 5 compatible   capitalizer    Contract  null - gt  null   public static CharSequence capitalize CharSequence input        int length      if  input    null     length   input length       0  return input       return new StringBuilder length               appendCodePoint Character toTitleCase Character codePointAt input  0                 append input  Character offsetByCodePoints input  0  1   length       And check whether it works   public static void main String   args           ASCII     System out println capitalize  whatever        w - gt  W         UTF-16  no surrogate     System out println capitalize     -            - gt            UTF-16 with surrogate pairs     System out println capitalize   uD801 uDC28         - gt       See also    surrogate pairs What is a  quot surrogate pair quot  in Java  upper case vs  title case https   stackoverflow com a 47887432 3050249

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StringUtils capitalize      from commons-lang

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You can also try this    String s1   br readLine     char   chars   s1 toCharArray     chars 0    Character toUpperCase chars 0     s1  new String chars    System out println s1     This is better optimized  than with using substring   but not to worry on small string

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Shortest too   String message    my message       message   Character toUpperCase message charAt 0     message substring 1   System out println message        Will output  My message   Worked for me

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Use this utility method to get all first letter in capital    String captializeAllFirstLetter String name         char   array   name toCharArray        array 0    Character toUpperCase array 0         for  int i   1  i  lt  array length  i              if  Character isWhitespace array i - 1                  array i    Character toUpperCase array i                         return new String array

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System out println Character toString A charAt 0   toUpperCase   A substring 1      P S   a is a string

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The answer from Ameen Mahheen is good but if we have some string with double space  like  hello  world  then sb append gets IndexOutOfBounds Exception  Right thing to do is teste before this line  doing   private String capitalizer String word           String   words   word split               StringBuilder sb   new StringBuilder            if  words 0  length    gt  0                sb append Character toUpperCase words 0  charAt 0     words 0  subSequence 1  words 0  length    toString   toLowerCase                 for  int i   1  i  lt  words length  i                      sb append                       if  words i  length    gt  0  sb append Character toUpperCase words i  charAt 0     words i  subSequence 1  words i  length    toString   toLowerCase                                     return  sb toString

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The shorter faster version code to capitalize the first letter of a String is  String name     quot stackoverflow quot    name   name substring 0 1  toUpperCase     name substring 1  toLowerCase     the value of name is  quot Stackoverflow quot

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You can use Class WordUtils   Suppose your String is  current address  then use       strong textWordutils capitaliz String   output   Current Address  Refer  http   commons apache org proper commons-lang apidocs org apache commons lang3 text WordUtils html

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public static String capitalizer final String texto            split words     String   palavras   texto split           StringBuilder sb   new StringBuilder            list of word exceptions     List lt String gt  excessoes   new ArrayList lt String gt  Arrays asList  de    da    das    do    dos    na    nas    no    nos    a    e    o    em    com          for  String palavra   palavras             if  excessoes contains palavra toLowerCase                 sb append palavra toLowerCase    append               else             sb append Character toUpperCase palavra charAt 0    append palavra substring 1  toLowerCase    append                 return sb toString   trim

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Given answers is for capitalize the first letter of one word only  use following code to capitalize a whole string   public static void main String   args        String str    this is a random string       StringBuilder capitalizedString   new StringBuilder        String   splited   str trim   split    s          for  String string   splited                     String s1   string substring 0  1  toUpperCase            String nameCapitalized   s1   string substring 1            capitalizedString append nameCapitalized           capitalizedString append                 System out println capitalizedString toString   trim         output    This Is A Random String

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This will work  char   array   value toCharArray     array 0    Character toUpperCase array 0     String result   new String array

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Java   simply a helper method for capitalizing every string   public static String capitalize String str        if str    null  return str      return str substring 0  1  toUpperCase     str substring 1       After that simply call str   capitalize str     Kotlin   str capitalize

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Try this  it worked for me   public static String capitalizeName String name        String fullName           String names     name split           for  String n  names            fullName   fullName   n substring 0  1  toUpperCase     n toLowerCase   substring 1  n length                     return fullName

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You may try this         capitilizeFirst null   - gt        capitilizeFirst        - gt        capitilizeFirst        - gt        capitilizeFirst   df   - gt   Df     capitilizeFirst  AS    - gt   As         param str input string     return String with the first letter capitalized     public String capitilizeFirst String str           assumptions that input parameter is not null is legal  as we use this function in map chain     Function lt String  String gt  capFirst    String s  - gt            String result           lt -- accumulator          try   result    s substring 0  1  toUpperCase              catch  Throwable e             try   result    s substring 1  toLowerCase              catch  Throwable e              return result              return Optional ofNullable str               map String  trim               map capFirst               orElse

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if you use SPRING  import static org springframework util StringUtils capitalize            return capitalize name    IMPLEMENTATION  https   github com spring-projects spring-framework blob 64440a5f04a17b3728234afaa89f57766768decb spring-core src main java org springframework util StringUtils java L535-L555 REF  https   docs spring io spring-framework docs current javadoc-api org springframework util StringUtils html capitalize-java lang String-  NOTE  If you already have Apache Common Lang dependency  then consider using their StringUtils capitalize as other answers suggest

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WordUtils capitalize java lang String  from Apache Commons

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The code i have posted will remove underscore    symbol and extra spaces from String and also it will capitalize first letter of every new word in String  private String capitalize String txt      List lt String gt  finalTxt new ArrayList lt  gt        if txt contains               txt txt replace                  if txt contains       amp  amp  txt length   gt 1          String   tSS txt split              for String tSSV tSS   finalTxt add capitalize tSSV               if finalTxt size   gt 0          txt            for String s finalTxt   txt  s               if txt endsWith       amp  amp  txt length   gt 1          txt txt substring 0   txt length  -1           return txt         txt   txt substring 0 1  toUpperCase     txt substring 1  toLowerCase      return txt

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Simple solution  doesn t require any external library  it can handle empty or one letter string   private String capitalizeFirstLetter  NonNull  String str           return str length      0   str                   str length      1   str toUpperCase                     str substring 0  1  toUpperCase     str substring 1  toLowerCase

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IT WILL WORK 101   public class UpperCase        public static void main String    args             String name           System out print  INPUT              Scanner scan   new Scanner System in           name    scan next             String upperCase   name substring 0  1  toUpperCase     name substring 1           System out println  OUTPUT      upperCase

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This is just to show you  that you were not that wrong   BufferedReader br   new InputstreamReader System in      Assuming name is not blank String name   br readLine        No more error telling that you cant convert char to string String s1       name charAt 0   toUppercase        Or  as Carlos prefers  See the comments to this post  String s1   Character toString name charAt 0   toUppercase      System out println s1 name substring 1      Note  This is not at all the best way to do it  This is just to show the OP that it can be done using charAt   as well

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Here is my detailed article on the topic for all possible options Capitalize First Letter of String in Android   Method to Capitalize First Letter of String in Java  public static String capitalizeString String str            String retStr   str          try      We can face index out of bound exception if the string is null             retStr   str substring 0  1  toUpperCase     str substring 1            catch  Exception e            return retStr      Method to Capitalize First Letter of String in KOTLIN  fun capitalizeString str  String   String           var retStr   str         try      We can face index out of bound exception if the string is null             retStr   str substring 0  1  toUpperCase     str substring 1            catch  e  Exception                      return retStr

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In Android Studio  Add this dependency to your build gradle  Module  app   dependencies               compile  org apache commons commons-lang3 3 1              Now you can use  String string    STRING WITH ALL CAPPS AND SPACES    string   string toLowerCase       Make all lowercase if you have caps  someTextView setText WordUtils capitalize string

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You can use the following code   public static void main String   args         capitalizeFirstLetter  java        capitalizeFirstLetter  java developer       public static void capitalizeFirstLetter String text         StringBuilder str   new StringBuilder         String   tokens   text split    s      Can be space comma or hyphen      for  String token   tokens            str append Character toUpperCase token charAt 0    append token substring 1   append                 str toString   trim       Trim trailing space      System out println str

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Those who search capitalize first letter of a name here    public static String capitaliseName String name        String collect     name split           String returnName           for  int i   0  i  lt  collect length  i              collect i    collect i  trim   toLowerCase            if  collect i  isEmpty      false                returnName   returnName   collect i  substring 0  1  toUpperCase     collect i  substring 1                             return returnName trim           usase  capitaliseName  saurav khan         output  Saurav Khan

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Use WordUtils capitalize str

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What you want to do is probably this   s1   name substring 0  1  toUpperCase     name substring 1      converts first char to uppercase and adds the remainder of the original string   Also  you create an input stream reader  but never read any line  Thus name will always be null   This should work   BufferedReader br   new InputstreamReader System in   String name   br readLine    String s1   name substring 0  1  toUpperCase     name substring 1

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String s    first second third fourth            int j   0          for  int i   0  i  lt  s length    i                   if   s substring j  i  endsWith                           String s2   s substring j  i                   System out println Character toUpperCase s charAt j   s2 substring 1                    j   i                                  System out println Character toUpperCase s charAt j   s substring j 1

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To capitalize the first letter of the input string  we first split the string on space and then use the collection transformation procedure provided by map  lt T  R gt  Array lt out T gt  map      transform   T  - gt  R     List lt R gt   to transform  each split string to first in lowercase then capitalize the first letter  This map transformation will return a list that needs to convert into a string by using joinToString function   KOTLIN  fun main                        Program that first convert all uper case into lower case then         convert fist letter into uppercase                  val str    quot aLi AzAZ alam quot      val calStr   str split  quot   quot   map it toLowerCase   capitalize        println calStr joinToString separator    quot   quot        OUTPUT

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Use replace method   String newWord   word replace String valueOf word charAt 0    String valueOf word charAt 0   toUpperCase

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If Input is UpperCase  then Use following    str substring 0  1  toUpperCase     str substring 1  toLowerCase     If Input is LowerCase  then Use following    str substring 0  1  toUpperCase     str substring 1

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Many of the answers are very helpful so I used them to create a method to turn any string to a title  first character capitalized    static String toTitle  String s          String s1   s substring 0 1  toUpperCase          String sTitle   s1   s substring 1         return sTitle

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This code to capitalize each word in text   public String capitalizeText String name        String   s   name trim   toLowerCase   split    s         name           for  String i   s           if i equals      return name     or return anything you want         name   i substring 0  1  toUpperCase     i substring 1            uppercase first char in words           return name trim

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Have a look at ACL WordUtils   WordUtils capitalize  your string       Your String   How to upper case every first letter of word in a string

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Below solution will work   String A    stackOverflow   String ACaps   A toUpperCase   charAt 0  A substring 1 A length       Will print StackOverflow   You can t use toUpperCase   on primitive char   but you can make entire String to Uppercase first then take the first char  then to append to the substring as shown above

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Use Apache s common library  Free your brain from these stuffs and avoid Null Pointer  amp  Index Out Of Bound Exceptions Step 1  Import apache s common lang library by putting this in build gradle dependencies compile  org apache commons commons-lang3 3 6   Step 2  If you are sure that your string is all lower case  or all you need is to initialize the first letter  directly call StringUtils capitalize yourString    If you want to make sure that only the first letter is capitalized  like doing this for an enum  call toLowerCase   first and keep in mind that it will throw NullPointerException if the input string is null  StringUtils capitalize YourEnum STUFF name   toLowerCase     StringUtils capitalize yourString toLowerCase      Here are more samples provided by apache  it s exception free StringUtils capitalize null     null StringUtils capitalize  quot  quot         quot  quot  StringUtils capitalize  quot cat quot      quot Cat quot  StringUtils capitalize  quot cAt quot      quot CAt quot  StringUtils capitalize  quot  cat  quot      quot  cat  quot   Note  WordUtils is also included in this library  but is deprecated  Please do not use that

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One approach   String input    some      T  4cr      Enter your text  if  input    null    input isEmpty          return        char    chars   input toCharArray    chars 0    chars 0  toUpperCase    String res   new String chars   return res    The drawback of this method is that if inputString is long  you will have three objects of such length  The same as you do  String s1   input substring 1  toUpperCase    String s2   input substring 1  lenght   String res   s1   s2    Or even    check if not null  StringBuilder buf   new StringBuilder input   char ch   buf getCharAt 0  toUpperCase    buf setCharAt 0  ch   return buf toString

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TO get First letter capital and other wants to small you can use below code  I have done through substring function  String currentGender  quot mAlE quot       currentGender currentGender substring 0 1  toUpperCase   currentGender substring 1  toLowerCase     Here substring 0 1  toUpperCase   convert first letter capital and substring 1  toLowercase   convert all remaining letter into a small case  OUTPUT  Male

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Yet another example  how you can make the first letter of the user input capitalized   BufferedReader br   new BufferedReader new InputStreamReader System in    String string   br readLine       handle supplementary characters IntStream concat          IntStream of string codePointAt 0                    map Character  toUpperCase   string codePoints   skip 1     forEach cp - gt  System out print Character toChars cp

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One of the answers was 95  correct  but it failed on my unitTest  Ameen Maheen s solution was nearly perfect  Except that before the input gets converted to String array  you have to trim the input  So the perfect one   private String convertStringToName String name            name   name trim            String   words   name split               StringBuilder sb   new StringBuilder            if  words 0  length    gt  0                sb append Character toUpperCase words 0  charAt 0     words 0  subSequence 1  words 0  length    toString   toLowerCase                 for  int i   1  i  lt  words length  i                      sb append                       sb append Character toUpperCase words i  charAt 0     words i  subSequence 1  words i  length    toString   toLowerCase                                     return sb toString

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class CapitalizeWords       public static void main String   args                 String input   welcome to kashmiri geeks               System out println input            String   str   input split                for int i 0  i lt  str length  i                          str i     str i   substring 0 1  toUpperCase      str i   substring 1                      for int i 0 i lt str length i                          System out print str i

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String str1    hello   str1 substring 0  1  toUpperCase   str1 substring 1

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To capitalize first character of each word in a string    first you need to get each words of that string  amp  for this split string where any space is there using split method as below  and store each words in an Array   Then create an empty string   After that by using substring   method get the first character  amp  remaining character of corresponding word and store them in two different variables   Then by using toUpperCase   method capitalize the first character and add the remaianing characters as below to that empty string   public class Test          public static void main String   args                  String str   my name is khan             string          String words   str split    s            split each words of above string          String capitalizedWord                  create an empty string           for String w words                             String first   w substring 0 1         get first character of each word               String f after   w substring 1         get remaining character of corresponding word               capitalizedWord    first toUpperCase     f after           capitalize first character and add the remaining to the empty string and continue                     System out println capitalizedWord         print the result

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Just reworked Jorgesys code and added few checks because of few cases related to String length  Don t do for null reference check in my case    public static String capitalizeFirstLetter  NonNull String customText           int count   customText length            if  count    0                return customText                    if  count    1                return customText toUpperCase                      return customText substring 0  1  toUpperCase     customText substring 1  toLowerCase

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String str    java   String cap   str substring 0  1  toUpperCase     str substring 1      cap    Java    With your example   public static void main String   args  throws IOException       BufferedReader br   new BufferedReader new InputStreamReader System in           Actually use the Reader     String name   br readLine           Don t mistake String object with a Character object     String s1   name substring 0  1  toUpperCase        String nameCapitalized   s1   name substring 1       System out println nameCapitalized

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Set the string to lower case  then set the first Letter to upper like this       userName   userName toLowerCase      then to capitalise the first letter       userName   userName substring 0  1  toUpperCase     userName substring 1  toLowerCase      substring is just getting a piece of a larger string  then we are combining them  back together

[java] How to capitalize the first letter of a String in Java?

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