[powershell] PowerShell says "execution of scripts is disabled on this system."

I had a similar issue and noted that the default cmd on Windows Server 2012, was running the x64 one.

For Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, Windows Server 2008 R2 or Windows Server 2012, run the following commands as Administrator:

x86 (32 bit)
Open C:\Windows\SysWOW64\cmd.exe
Run the command powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned

x64 (64 bit)
Open C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe
Run the command powershell Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned

You can check mode using

  • In CMD: echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE%
  • In Powershell: [Environment]::Is64BitProcess

References:
MSDN - Windows PowerShell execution policies
Windows - 32bit vs 64bit directory explanation