Basically, to make a cross domain AJAX requests, the requested server should allow the cross origin sharing of resources (CORS). You can read more about that from here: http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/cors/
In your scenario, you are setting the headers in the client which in fact needs to be set into http://localhost:8080/app server side code.
If you are using PHP Apache server, then you will need to add following in your .htaccess
file:
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"