[special-characters] Allowed characters in filename

Where can I find a list of allowed characters in filenames, depending on the operating system? (e.g. on Linux, the character : is allowed in filenames, but not on Windows)

On Windows OS create a file and give it a invalid character like \ in the filename. As a result you will get a popup with all the invalid characters in a filename.

Here is the code to clean file name in python.

import unicodedata

def clean_name(name, replace_space_with=None):
    """
    Remove invalid file name chars from the specified name

    :param name: the file name
    :param replace_space_with: if not none replace space with this string
    :return: a valid name for Win/Mac/Linux
    """

    # ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename
    # ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4814040/allowed-characters-in-filename
    # No control chars, no: /, \, ?, %, *, :, |, ", <, >

    # remove control chars
    name = ''.join(ch for ch in name if unicodedata.category(ch)[0] != 'C')

    cleaned_name = re.sub(r'[/\\?%*:|"<>]', '', name)
    if replace_space_with is not None:
        return cleaned_name.replace(' ', replace_space_with)
    return cleaned_name

OK, so looking at Comparison of file systems if you only care about the main players file systems:

• Windows (FAT32, NTFS): Any Unicode except NUL, \, /, :, *, ", <, >, |. Also, no space character at the start or end, and no period at the end.
• Mac(HFS, HFS+): Any valid Unicode except : or /
• Linux(ext[2-4]): Any byte except NUL or /

so any byte except NUL, \, /, :, *, ", <, >, | and you can't have files/folders call . or .. and no control characters (of course).

For "English locale" file names, this works nicely. I'm using this for sanitizing uploaded file names. The file name is not meant to be linked to anything on disk, it's for when the file is being downloaded hence there are no path checks.

$file_name = preg_replace('/([^\x20-~]+)|([\\/:?"<>|]+)/g', '_', $client_specified_file_name);

Basically it strips all non-printable and reserved characters for Windows and other OSs. You can easily extend the pattern to support other locales and functionalities.

To be more precise about Mac OS X (now called MacOS) / in the Finder is interpreted to : in the Unix file system.

This was done for backward compatibility when Apple moved from Classic Mac OS.

It is legitimate to use a / in a file name in the Finder, looking at the same file in the terminal it will show up with a :.

And it works the other way around too: you can't use a / in a file name with the terminal, but a : is OK and will show up as a / in the Finder.

Some applications may be more restrictive and prohibit both characters to avoid confusion or because they kept logic from previous Classic Mac OS or for name compatibility between platforms.