[javascript] Convert Data URI to File then append to FormData

I've been trying to re-implement an HTML5 image uploader like the one on the Mozilla Hacks site, but that works with WebKit browsers. Part of the task is to extract an image file from the canvas object and append it to a FormData object for upload.

The issue is that while canvas has the toDataURL function to return a representation of the image file, the FormData object only accepts File or Blob objects from the File API.

The Mozilla solution used the following Firefox-only function on canvas:

var file = canvas.mozGetAsFile("foo.png");

...which isn't available on WebKit browsers. The best solution I could think of is to find some way to convert a Data URI into a File object, which I thought might be part of the File API, but I can't for the life of me find something to do that.

Is it possible? If not, any alternatives?

Thanks.

The evolving standard looks to be canvas.toBlob() not canvas.getAsFile() as Mozilla hazarded to guess.

I don't see any browser yet supporting it :(

Thanks for this great thread!

Also, anyone trying the accepted answer should be careful with BlobBuilder as I'm finding support to be limited (and namespaced):

    var bb;
    try {
        bb = new BlobBuilder();
    } catch(e) {
        try {
            bb = new WebKitBlobBuilder();
        } catch(e) {
            bb = new MozBlobBuilder();
        }
    }

Were you using another library's polyfill for BlobBuilder?

My preferred way is canvas.toBlob()

But anyhow here is yet another way to convert base64 to a blob using fetch ^^,

var url = "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="_x000D_
_x000D_
fetch(url)_x000D_
.then(res => res.blob())_x000D_
.then(blob => {_x000D_
  var fd = new FormData()_x000D_
  fd.append('image', blob, 'filename')_x000D_
  _x000D_
  console.log(blob)_x000D_
_x000D_
  // Upload_x000D_
  // fetch('upload', {method: 'POST', body: fd})_x000D_
})

Firefox has canvas.toBlob() and canvas.mozGetAsFile() methods.

But other browsers do not.

We can get dataurl from canvas and then convert dataurl to blob object.

Here is my dataURLtoBlob() function. It's very short.

function dataURLtoBlob(dataurl) {
    var arr = dataurl.split(','), mime = arr[0].match(/:(.*?);/)[1],
        bstr = atob(arr[1]), n = bstr.length, u8arr = new Uint8Array(n);
    while(n--){
        u8arr[n] = bstr.charCodeAt(n);
    }
    return new Blob([u8arr], {type:mime});
}

Use this function with FormData to handle your canvas or dataurl.

For example:

var dataurl = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg',0.8);
var blob = dataURLtoBlob(dataurl);
var fd = new FormData();
fd.append("myFile", blob, "thumb.jpg");

Also, you can create a HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.toBlob method for non gecko engine browser.

if(!HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.toBlob){
    HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.toBlob = function(callback, type, encoderOptions){
        var dataurl = this.toDataURL(type, encoderOptions);
        var bstr = atob(dataurl.split(',')[1]), n = bstr.length, u8arr = new Uint8Array(n);
        while(n--){
            u8arr[n] = bstr.charCodeAt(n);
        }
        var blob = new Blob([u8arr], {type: type});
        callback.call(this, blob);
    };
}

Now canvas.toBlob() works for all modern browsers not only Firefox. For example:

canvas.toBlob(
    function(blob){
        var fd = new FormData();
        fd.append("myFile", blob, "thumb.jpg");
        //continue do something...
    },
    'image/jpeg',
    0.8
);

This one works in iOS and Safari.

You need to use Stoive's ArrayBuffer solution but you can't use BlobBuilder, as vava720 indicates, so here's the mashup of both.

function dataURItoBlob(dataURI) {
    var byteString = atob(dataURI.split(',')[1]);
    var ab = new ArrayBuffer(byteString.length);
    var ia = new Uint8Array(ab);
    for (var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
        ia[i] = byteString.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    return new Blob([ab], { type: 'image/jpeg' });
}

I had exactly the same problem as Ravinder Payal, and I've found the answer. Try this:

var dataURL = canvas.toDataURL("image/jpeg");

var name = "image.jpg";
var parseFile = new Parse.File(name, {base64: dataURL.substring(23)});

The original answer by Stoive is easily fixable by changing the last line to accommodate Blob:

function dataURItoBlob (dataURI) {
    // convert base64 to raw binary data held in a string
    // doesn't handle URLEncoded DataURIs
    var byteString;
    if (dataURI.split(',')[0].indexOf('base64') >= 0)
        byteString = atob(dataURI.split(',')[1]);
    else
        byteString = unescape(dataURI.split(',')[1]);
    // separate out the mime component
    var mimeString = dataURI.split(',')[0].split(':')[1].split(';')[0];

    // write the bytes of the string to an ArrayBuffer
    var ab = new ArrayBuffer(byteString.length);
    var ia = new Uint8Array(ab);
    for (var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
        ia[i] = byteString.charCodeAt(i);
    }

    // write the ArrayBuffer to a blob, and you're done
    return new Blob([ab],{type: mimeString});
}

Thanks to @Stoive and @vava720 I combined the two in this way, avoiding to use the deprecated BlobBuilder and ArrayBuffer

function dataURItoBlob(dataURI) {
    'use strict'
    var byteString, 
        mimestring 

    if(dataURI.split(',')[0].indexOf('base64') !== -1 ) {
        byteString = atob(dataURI.split(',')[1])
    } else {
        byteString = decodeURI(dataURI.split(',')[1])
    }

    mimestring = dataURI.split(',')[0].split(':')[1].split(';')[0]

    var content = new Array();
    for (var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
        content[i] = byteString.charCodeAt(i)
    }

    return new Blob([new Uint8Array(content)], {type: mimestring});
}

Here is an ES6 version of Stoive's answer:

export class ImageDataConverter {
  constructor(dataURI) {
    this.dataURI = dataURI;
  }

  getByteString() {
    let byteString;
    if (this.dataURI.split(',')[0].indexOf('base64') >= 0) {
      byteString = atob(this.dataURI.split(',')[1]);
    } else {
      byteString = decodeURI(this.dataURI.split(',')[1]);
    }
    return byteString;
  }

  getMimeString() {
    return this.dataURI.split(',')[0].split(':')[1].split(';')[0];
  }

  convertToTypedArray() {
    let byteString = this.getByteString();
    let ia = new Uint8Array(byteString.length);
    for (let i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
      ia[i] = byteString.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    return ia;
  }

  dataURItoBlob() {
    let mimeString = this.getMimeString();
    let intArray = this.convertToTypedArray();
    return new Blob([intArray], {type: mimeString});
  }
}

Usage:

const dataURL = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', 0.5);
const blob = new ImageDataConverter(dataURL).dataURItoBlob();
let fd = new FormData(document.forms[0]);
fd.append("canvasImage", blob);

make it simple :D

function dataURItoBlob(dataURI,mime) {
    // convert base64 to raw binary data held in a string
    // doesn't handle URLEncoded DataURIs

    var byteString = window.atob(dataURI);

    // separate out the mime component


    // write the bytes of the string to an ArrayBuffer
    //var ab = new ArrayBuffer(byteString.length);
    var ia = new Uint8Array(byteString.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
        ia[i] = byteString.charCodeAt(i);
    }

    // write the ArrayBuffer to a blob, and you're done
    var blob = new Blob([ia], { type: mime });

    return blob;
}

toDataURL gives you a string and you can put that string to a hidden input.

BlobBuilder and ArrayBuffer are now deprecated, here is the top comment's code updated with Blob constructor:

function dataURItoBlob(dataURI) {
    var binary = atob(dataURI.split(',')[1]);
    var array = [];
    for(var i = 0; i < binary.length; i++) {
        array.push(binary.charCodeAt(i));
    }
    return new Blob([new Uint8Array(array)], {type: 'image/jpeg'});
}

Thanks! @steovi for this solution.

I have added support to ES6 version and changed from unescape to dataURI(unescape is deprecated).

converterDataURItoBlob(dataURI) {
    let byteString;
    let mimeString;
    let ia;

    if (dataURI.split(',')[0].indexOf('base64') >= 0) {
      byteString = atob(dataURI.split(',')[1]);
    } else {
      byteString = encodeURI(dataURI.split(',')[1]);
    }
    // separate out the mime component
    mimeString = dataURI.split(',')[0].split(':')[1].split(';')[0];

    // write the bytes of the string to a typed array
    ia = new Uint8Array(byteString.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
      ia[i] = byteString.charCodeAt(i);
    }
    return new Blob([ia], {type:mimeString});
}

var BlobBuilder = (window.MozBlobBuilder || window.WebKitBlobBuilder || window.BlobBuilder);

can be used without the try catch.

Thankx to check_ca. Great work.