Above answers are better but yet for knowledge we have another approch as well, Lets 'catagory' column value changed for an object (@design),
@design.changes.has_key?('catagory')
The .changes will return a hash with key as column's name and values as a array with two values [old_value, new_value] for each columns. For example catagory for above is changed from 'ABC' to 'XYZ' of @design,
@design.changes # => {}
@design.catagory = 'XYZ'
@design.changes # => { 'catagory' => ['ABC', 'XYZ'] }
For references change in ROR