This is what you are looking for:
1.- Navigate to the Source tab and open the javascript file
2.- Edit the file, right-click it and a menu will appear: click Save and save it locally.
In order to view the diff or revert your changes, right-click and select the option Local Modifications... from the menu. You will see your changes diff with respect to the original file if you expand the timestamp shown.
More detailed info here: http://www.sitepoint.com/edit-source-files-in-chrome/