[java] How to insert a character in a string at a certain position?

I'm getting in an int with a 6 digit value. I want to display it as a String with a decimal point (.) at 2 digits from the end of int. I wanted to use a float but was suggested to use String for a better display output (instead of 1234.5 will be 1234.50). Therefore, I need a function that will take an int as parameter and return the properly formatted String with a decimal point 2 digits from the end.

Say:

int j= 123456 
Integer.toString(j); 

//processing...

//output : 1234.56

String.format("%0d.%02d", d / 100, d % 100);

As mentioned in comments, a StringBuilder is probably a faster implementation than using a StringBuffer. As mentioned in the Java docs:

This class provides an API compatible with StringBuffer, but with no guarantee of synchronization. This class is designed for use as a drop-in replacement for StringBuffer in places where the string buffer was being used by a single thread (as is generally the case). Where possible, it is recommended that this class be used in preference to StringBuffer as it will be faster under most implementations.

Usage :

String str = Integer.toString(j);
str = new StringBuilder(str).insert(str.length()-2, ".").toString();

Or if you need synchronization use the StringBuffer with similar usage :

String str = Integer.toString(j);
str = new StringBuffer(str).insert(str.length()-2, ".").toString();

// Create given String and make with size 30
String str = "Hello How Are You";

// Creating StringBuffer Object for right padding
StringBuffer stringBufferRightPad = new StringBuffer(str);
while (stringBufferRightPad.length() < 30) {
    stringBufferRightPad.insert(stringBufferRightPad.length(), "*");
}

System.out.println("after Left padding : " + stringBufferRightPad);
System.out.println("after Left padding : " + stringBufferRightPad.toString());

// Creating StringBuffer Object for right padding
StringBuffer stringBufferLeftPad = new StringBuffer(str);
while (stringBufferLeftPad.length() < 30) {
    stringBufferLeftPad.insert(0, "*");
}
System.out.println("after Left padding : " + stringBufferLeftPad);
System.out.println("after Left padding : " + stringBufferLeftPad.toString());

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    char ch='m';
    String str="Hello",k=String.valueOf(ch),b,c;

    System.out.println(str);

    int index=3;
    b=str.substring(0,index-1 );
    c=str.substring(index-1,str.length());
    str=b+k+c;
}

If you are using a system where float is expensive (e.g. no FPU) or not allowed (e.g. in accounting) you could use something like this:

    for (int i = 1; i < 100000; i *= 2) {
        String s = "00" + i;
        System.out.println(s.substring(Math.min(2, s.length() - 2), s.length() - 2) + "." + s.substring(s.length() - 2));
    }

Otherwise the DecimalFormat is the better solution. (the StringBuilder variant above won't work with small numbers (<100)

For Kotlin dudes ;) from the accepted answer (@MikeThomsen's)

fun String.insert(index: Int, string: String): String {
    return this.substring(0, index) + string + this.substring(index, this.length)
}

Test ?

"ThisTest".insert(4, "Is").should.equal("ThisIsTest")

Using ApacheCommons3 StringUtils, you could also do

int j = 123456;
String s = Integer.toString(j);
int pos = s.length()-2;

s = StringUtils.overlay(s,".", pos, pos);

it's basically substring concatenation but shorter if you don't mind using libraries, or already depending on StringUtils

You could use

System.out.printf("%4.2f%n", ((float)12345)/100));

As per the comments, 12345/100.0 would be better, as would the use of double instead of float.

int yourInteger = 123450;
String s = String.format("%6.2f", yourInteger / 100.0);
System.out.println(s);

I think a simpler and more elegant solution to insert a String in a certain position would be this one-liner:

target.replaceAll("^(.{" + position + "})", "$1" + insert);

For example, to insert a missing : into a time String:

"-0300".replaceAll("^(.{3})", "$1:");

What it does is, matches position characters from the beginning of the string, groups that, and replaces the group with itself ($1) followed by the insert string. Mind the replaceAll, even though there's always one occurrence, because the first parameter must be a regex.

Of course it does not have the same performance as the StringBuilder solution, but I believe the succinctness and elegance as a simple and easier to read one-liner (compared to a huge method) is sufficient for making it the preferred solution in most non performance-critical use-cases.

Note I'm solving the generic problem in the title for documentation reasons, of course if you are dealing with decimal numbers you should use the domain-specific solutions already proposed.

Try this :

public String ConvertMessage(String content_sendout){

        //use unicode (004E00650077) need to change to hex (&#x004E&#x;0065&#x;0077;) first ;
        String resultcontent_sendout = "";
        int i = 4;
        int lengthwelcomemsg = content_sendout.length()/i;
        for(int nadd=0;nadd<lengthwelcomemsg;nadd++){
            if(nadd == 0){
                resultcontent_sendout = "&#x"+content_sendout.substring(nadd*i, (nadd*i)+i) + ";&#x";
            }else if(nadd == lengthwelcomemsg-1){
                resultcontent_sendout += content_sendout.substring(nadd*i, (nadd*i)+i) + ";";
            }else{
                resultcontent_sendout += content_sendout.substring(nadd*i, (nadd*i)+i) + ";&#x";
            }
        }
        return resultcontent_sendout;
    }

In most use-cases, using a StringBuilder (as already answered) is a good way to do this. However, if performance matters, this may be a good alternative.

/**
 * Insert the 'insert' String at the index 'position' into the 'target' String.
 * 
 * ````
 * insertAt("AC", 0, "") -> "AC"
 * insertAt("AC", 1, "xxx") -> "AxxxC"
 * insertAt("AB", 2, "C") -> "ABC
 * ````
 */
public static String insertAt(final String target, final int position, final String insert) {
    final int targetLen = target.length();
    if (position < 0 || position > targetLen) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("position=" + position);
    }
    if (insert.isEmpty()) {
        return target;
    }
    if (position == 0) {
        return insert.concat(target);
    } else if (position == targetLen) {
        return target.concat(insert);
    }
    final int insertLen = insert.length();
    final char[] buffer = new char[targetLen + insertLen];
    target.getChars(0, position, buffer, 0);
    insert.getChars(0, insertLen, buffer, position);
    target.getChars(position, targetLen, buffer, position + insertLen);
    return new String(buffer);
}