How do I lowercase a string in Python

Question

Is there a way to convert a string from uppercase  or even part uppercase to lowercase    For example   Kilometers     kilometers

User · Answer

With Python 2  this doesn t work for non-English words in UTF-8  In this case decode  utf-8   can help    gt  gt  gt  s             gt  gt  gt  print s lower             gt  gt  gt  print s decode  utf-8   lower

User · Answer

Don t try this  totally un-recommend  don t do this   import string s  ABCD  print    join  string ascii lowercase string ascii uppercase index i   for i in s      Output   abcd   Since no one wrote it yet you can use swapcase  so uppercase letters will become lowercase  and vice versa   and this one you should use in cases where i just mentioned  convert upper to lower  lower to upper     s  ABCD  print s swapcase      Output   abcd

User · Answer

Use  lower   - For example   s    Kilometer  print s lower      The official 2 x documentation is here  str lower   The official 3 x documentation is here  str lower

User · Answer

How to convert string to lowercase in Python  Is there any way to convert an entire user inputted string from uppercase  or even part uppercase to lowercase  E g  Kilometers -- gt  kilometers  The canonical Pythonic way of doing this is  gt  gt  gt   Kilometers  lower    kilometers   However  if the purpose is to do case insensitive matching  you should use case-folding   gt  gt  gt   Kilometers  casefold    kilometers   Here s why   gt  gt  gt   quot Ma  e quot  casefold    masse   gt  gt  gt   quot Ma  e quot  lower    ma  e   gt  gt  gt   quot MASSE quot      quot Ma  e quot  False  gt  gt  gt   quot MASSE quot  lower       quot Ma  e quot  lower   False  gt  gt  gt   quot MASSE quot  casefold       quot Ma  e quot  casefold   True  This is a str method in Python 3  but in Python 2  you ll want to look at the PyICU or py2casefold - several answers address this here  Unicode Python 3 Python 3 handles plain string literals as unicode   gt  gt  gt  string               gt  gt  gt  string             gt  gt  gt  string lower               Python 2  plain string literals are bytes In Python 2  the below  pasted into a shell  encodes the literal as a string of bytes  using utf-8  And lower doesn t map any changes that bytes would be aware of  so we get the same string   gt  gt  gt  string               gt  gt  gt  string   xd0 x9a xd0 xb8 xd0 xbb xd0 xbe xd0 xbc xd0 xb5 xd1 x82 xd1 x80   gt  gt  gt  string lower     xd0 x9a xd0 xb8 xd0 xbb xd0 xbe xd0 xbc xd0 xb5 xd1 x82 xd1 x80   gt  gt  gt  print string lower             In scripts  Python will object to non-ascii  as of Python 2 5  and warning in Python 2 4  bytes being in a string with no encoding given  since the intended coding would be ambiguous  For more on that  see the Unicode how-to in the docs and PEP 263 Use Unicode literals  not str literals So we need a unicode string to handle this conversion  accomplished easily with a unicode string literal  which disambiguates with a u prefix  and note the u prefix also works in Python 3    gt  gt  gt  unicode literal   u            gt  gt  gt  print unicode literal lower              Note that the bytes are completely different from the str bytes - the escape character is   u  followed by the 2-byte width  or 16 bit representation of these unicode letters   gt  gt  gt  unicode literal u  u041a u0438 u043b u043e u043c u0435 u0442 u0440   gt  gt  gt  unicode literal lower   u  u043a u0438 u043b u043e u043c u0435 u0442 u0440   Now if we only have it in the form of a str  we need to convert it to unicode  Python s Unicode type is a universal encoding format that has many advantages relative to most other encodings  We can either use the unicode constructor or str decode method with the codec to convert the str to unicode   gt  gt  gt  unicode from string   unicode string   utf-8      quot encoding quot  unicode from string  gt  gt  gt  print unicode from string lower              gt  gt  gt  string to unicode   string decode  utf-8     gt  gt  gt  print string to unicode lower              gt  gt  gt  unicode from string    string to unicode    unicode literal True  Both methods convert to the unicode type - and same as the unicode literal  Best Practice  use Unicode It is recommended that you always work with text in Unicode   Software should only work with Unicode strings internally  converting to a particular encoding on output   Can encode back when necessary However  to get the lowercase back in type str  encode the python string to utf-8 again   gt  gt  gt  print string           gt  gt  gt  string   xd0 x9a xd0 xb8 xd0 xbb xd0 xbe xd0 xbc xd0 xb5 xd1 x82 xd1 x80   gt  gt  gt  string decode  utf-8   u  u041a u0438 u043b u043e u043c u0435 u0442 u0440   gt  gt  gt  string decode  utf-8   lower   u  u043a u0438 u043b u043e u043c u0435 u0442 u0440   gt  gt  gt  string decode  utf-8   lower   encode  utf-8     xd0 xba xd0 xb8 xd0 xbb xd0 xbe xd0 xbc xd0 xb5 xd1 x82 xd1 x80   gt  gt  gt  print string decode  utf-8   lower   encode  utf-8             So in Python 2  Unicode can encode into Python strings  and Python strings can decode into the Unicode type

User · Answer

Also  you can overwrite some variables   s   input  UPPER CASE   lower   s lower     If you use like this   s    Kilometer  print s lower        - kilometer print s              - Kilometer   It will work just when called

[python] How do I lowercase a string in Python?

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