Why does SSL handshake give Could not generate DH keypair exception

Question

When I make an SSL connection with some IRC servers  but not others - presumably due to the server s preferred encryption method  I get the following exception   Caused by  java lang RuntimeException  Could not generate DH keypair     at com sun net ssl internal ssl DHCrypt  lt init gt  DHCrypt java 106      at com sun net ssl internal ssl ClientHandshaker serverKeyExchange ClientHandshaker java 556      at com sun net ssl internal ssl ClientHandshaker processMessage ClientHandshaker java 183      at com sun net ssl internal ssl Handshaker processLoop Handshaker java 593      at com sun net ssl internal ssl Handshaker process record Handshaker java 529      at com sun net ssl internal ssl SSLSocketImpl readRecord SSLSocketImpl java 893      at com sun net ssl internal ssl SSLSocketImpl performInitialHandshake SSLSocketImpl java 1138      at com sun net ssl internal ssl SSLSocketImpl startHandshake SSLSocketImpl java 1165          3 more   Final cause   Caused by  java security InvalidAlgorithmParameterException  Prime size must be multiple of 64  and can only range from 512 to 1024  inclusive      at com sun crypto provider DHKeyPairGenerator initialize DashoA13         at java security KeyPairGenerator Delegate initialize KeyPairGenerator java 627      at com sun net ssl internal ssl DHCrypt  lt init gt  DHCrypt java 100          10 more   An example of a server that demonstrates this problem is aperture esper net 6697  this is an IRC server   An example of a server that does not demonstrate the problem is kornbluth freenode net 6697   Not surprisingly  all servers on each network share the same respective behaviour    My code  which as noted does work when connecting to some SSL servers  is       SSLContext sslContext   SSLContext getInstance  SSL        sslContext init null  trustAllCerts  new SecureRandom         s    SSLSocket sslContext getSocketFactory   createSocket        s connect new InetSocketAddress host  port   timeout       s setSoTimeout 0         SSLSocket s  startHandshake      It s that last startHandshake that throws the exception  And yes there is some magic going on with the  trustAllCerts   that code forces the SSL system not to validate certs   So    not a cert problem    Obviously one possibility is that esper s server is misconfigured  but I searched and didn t find any other references to people having problems with esper s SSL ports  and  openssl  connects to it  see below   So I m wondering if this is a limitation of Java default SSL support  or something  Any suggestions   Here s what happens when I connect to aperture esper net 6697 using  openssl  from commandline       openssl s client -connect aperture esper net 6697 CONNECTED 00000003  depth 0  C GB ST England L London O EsperNet OU aperture esper net CN   esper net emailAddress support esper net verify error num 18 self signed certificate verify return 1 depth 0  C GB ST England L London O EsperNet OU aperture esper net CN   esper net emailAddress support esper net verify return 1 --- Certificate chain  0 s  C GB ST England L London O EsperNet OU aperture esper net CN   esper net emailAddress support esper net    i  C GB ST England L London O EsperNet OU aperture esper net CN   esper net emailAddress support esper net --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----  There was a certificate here  but I deleted it to save space  -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject  C GB ST England L London O EsperNet OU aperture esper net CN   esper net emailAddress support esper net issuer  C GB ST England L London O EsperNet OU aperture esper net CN   esper net emailAddress support esper net --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 2178 bytes and written 468 bytes --- New  TLSv1 SSLv3  Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 2048 bit Secure Renegotiation IS supported Compression  NONE Expansion  NONE SSL-Session      Protocol    TLSv1     Cipher      DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA     Session-ID  51F1D40A1B044700365D3BD1C61ABC745FB0C347A334E1410946DCB5EFE37AFD     Session-ID-ctx       Master-Key  DF8194F6A60B073E049C87284856B5561476315145B55E35811028C4D97F77696F676DB019BB6E271E9965F289A99083     Key-Arg     None     Start Time  1311801833     Timeout     300  sec      Verify return code  18  self signed certificate  ---   As noted  after all that  it does connect successfully which is more than you can say for my Java app   Should it be relevant  I m using OS X 10 6 8  Java version 1 6 0 26

User · Answer

I used to get a similar error accessing svn.apache.org with java SVN clients using an IBM JDK. Currently, svn.apache.org users the clients cipher preferences.

After running just once with a packet capture / javax.net.debug=ALL I was able to blacklist just a single DHE cipher and things work for me (ECDHE is negotiated instead).

.../java/jre/lib/security/java.security:
    jdk.tls.disabledAlgorithms=SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA

A nice quick fix when it is not easy to change the client.

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I ve got this error with Bamboo 5 7   Gradle project   Apache  Gradle tried to get some dependencies from one of our servers via SSL   Solution    Generate DH Param    with OpenSSL   openssl dhparam 1024   example output   -----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS----- MIGHfoGBALxpfMrDpImEuPlhopxYX4L2CFqQov FomjKyHJrzj EkTP0T3oAkjnS oCGh6p07kwSLS8WCtYJn1GzItiZ05LoAzPs7T3ST2dWrEYFg dldt arifj6oWo  vctDyDqIjlevUE vyR9MF6B Rfm4Zs8VGkxmsgXuz0gp 9lmftY7AgEC -----END DH PARAMETERS-----    Append output to certificate file  for Apache - SSLCertificateFile param  Restart apache Restart Bamboo Try to build project again

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This is a quite old post  but if you use Apache HTTPD  you can limit the DH size  See http   httpd apache org docs current ssl ssl faq html javadh

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The  Java Cryptography Extension  JCE  Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files  answer did not work for me but The BouncyCastle s JCE provider  suggestion did   Here are the steps I took using Java 1 6 0 65-b14-462 on Mac OSC 10 7 5  1  Download these jars    bcprov-jdk15on-154 jar bcprov-ext-jdk15on-154 jar   2  move these  jars to  JAVA HOME lib ext  3  edit  JAVA HOME lib security java security as follows  security provider 1 org bouncycastle jce provider BouncyCastleProvider  restart app using JRE and give it a try

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The answer above is correct  but in terms of the workaround  I had problems with the BouncyCastle implementation when I set it as preferred provider   java lang ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException  64     at com sun crypto provider TlsPrfGenerator expand DashoA13       This is also discussed in one forum thread I found  which doesn t mention a solution  http   www javakb com Uwe Forum aspx java-programmer 47512 TLS-problems  I found an alternative solution which works for my case  although I m not at all happy with it  The solution is to set it so that the Diffie-Hellman algorithm is not available at all  Then  supposing the server supports an alternative algorithm  it will be selecting during normal negotiation  Obviously the downside of this is that if somebody somehow manages to find a server that only supports Diffie-Hellman at 1024 bits or less then this actually means it will not work where it used to work before   Here is code which works given an SSLSocket  before you connect it    List lt String gt  limited   new LinkedList lt String gt     for String suite     SSLSocket s  getEnabledCipherSuites          if  suite contains   DHE                   limited add suite             SSLSocket s  setEnabledCipherSuites limited toArray      new String limited size         Nasty

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Solved the problem by upgrading to JDK 8

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It is possible that you have incorrect Maven dependencies  You must find these libraries in Maven dependency hierarchy   bcprov-jdk14  bcpkix-jdk14  bcmail-jdk14   If you have these dependencies that is the error  and you should do this   Add the dependency    lt dependency gt       lt groupId gt org bouncycastle lt  groupId gt       lt artifactId gt bcmail-jdk15on lt  artifactId gt       lt version gt 1 59 lt  version gt   lt  dependency gt    Exclude these dependencies from the artifact that included the wrong dependencies  in my case it is    lt dependency gt       lt groupId gt com lowagie lt  groupId gt       lt artifactId gt itext lt  artifactId gt       lt version gt 2 1 7 lt  version gt       lt exclusions gt           lt exclusion gt               lt groupId gt org bouncycastle lt  groupId gt               lt artifactId gt bctsp-jdk14 lt  artifactId gt                           lt  exclusion gt           lt exclusion gt               lt groupId gt bouncycastle lt  groupId gt               lt artifactId gt bcprov-jdk14 lt  artifactId gt                          lt  exclusion gt           lt exclusion gt               lt groupId gt bouncycastle lt  groupId gt               lt artifactId gt bcmail-jdk14 lt  artifactId gt                          lt  exclusion gt       lt  exclusions gt          lt  dependency gt

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Try downloading  Java Cryptography Extension  JCE  Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files  from the Java download site and replacing the files in your JRE   This worked for me and I didn t even need to use BouncyCastle - the standard Sun JCE was able to connect to the server   PS  I got the same error  ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException  64  when I tried using BouncyCastle before changing the policy files  so it seems our situation is very similar

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For me  the following command line fixed the issue   java -jar -Dhttps protocols TLSv1 2 -Ddeployment security TLSv1 2 true  -Djavax net debug ssl handshake XXXXX jar  I am using JDK 1 7 0 79

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I use coldfusion 8 on JDK 1 6 45 and had problems with  giving me just red crosses instead of images  and also with cfhttp not able to connect to the local webserver with ssl   my test script to reproduce with coldfusion 8 was   lt CFHTTP URL  https   www onlineumfragen com  METHOD  get   gt  lt  CFHTTP gt   lt CFDUMP VAR   CFHTTP   gt    this gave me the quite generic error of   I O Exception  peer not authenticated   I then tried to add certificates of the server including root and intermediate certificates to the java keystore and also the coldfusion keystore  but nothing helped  then I debugged the problem with  java SSLPoke www onlineumfragen com 443   and got  javax net ssl SSLException  java lang RuntimeException  Could not generate DH keypair   and  Caused by  java security InvalidAlgorithmParameterException  Prime size must be multiple of 64  and can only range from 512 to 1024  inclusive      at com sun crypto provider DHKeyPairGenerator initialize DashoA13         at java security KeyPairGenerator Delegate initialize KeyPairGenerator java 627      at com sun net ssl internal ssl DHCrypt  lt init gt  DHCrypt java 107          10 more   I then had the idea that the webserver  apache in my case  had very modern ciphers for ssl and is quite restrictive  qualys score a   and uses strong diffie hellmann keys with more than 1024 bits  obviously  coldfusion and java jdk 1 6 45 can not manage this  Next step in the odysee was to think of installing an alternative security provider for java  and I decided for bouncy castle  see also http   www itcsolutions eu 2011 08 22 how-to-use-bouncy-castle-cryptographic-api-in-netbeans-or-eclipse-for-java-jse-projects   I then downloaded the   bcprov-ext-jdk15on-156 jar   from http   www bouncycastle org latest releases html and installed it under  C  jdk6 45 jre lib ext or where ever your jdk is  in original install of coldfusion 8 it would be under C  JRun4 jre lib ext but I use a newer jdk  1 6 45  located outside the coldfusion directory  it is very important to put the bcprov-ext-jdk15on-156 jar in the  ext directory  this cost me about two hours and some hair  -  then I edited the file C  jdk6 45 jre lib security java security  with wordpad not with editor exe   and put in one line for the new provider  afterwards the list looked like      List of providers and their preference orders  see above     security provider 1 org bouncycastle jce provider BouncyCastleProvider security provider 2 sun security provider Sun security provider 3 sun security rsa SunRsaSign security provider 4 com sun net ssl internal ssl Provider security provider 5 com sun crypto provider SunJCE security provider 6 sun security jgss SunProvider security provider 7 com sun security sasl Provider security provider 8 org jcp xml dsig internal dom XMLDSigRI security provider 9 sun security smartcardio SunPCSC security provider 10 sun security mscapi SunMSCAPI    see the new one in position 1   then restart coldfusion service completely  you can then   java SSLPoke www onlineumfragen com 443  or of course your url     and enjoy the feeling    and of course   what a night and what a day  Hopefully this will help  partially or fully  to someone out there  if you have questions  just mail me at info      domain above

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If you are using jdk1 7 0 04  upgrade to jdk1 7 0 21  The problem has been fixed in that update

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Recently I have the same issue and after upgrading jdk version from 1 6 0 45 to jdk1 7 0 191 which resolved the issue

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I have the same problem with Yandex Maps server  JDK 1 6 and Apache HttpClient 4 2 1  The error was   javax net ssl SSLPeerUnverifiedException  peer not authenticated   with enabled debug by -Djavax net debug all  there was a message in a log  Could not generate DH keypair   I have fixed this problem by adding BouncyCastle library bcprov-jdk16-1 46 jar and registering a provider in a map service class  public class MapService        static           Security addProvider new BouncyCastleProvider                public GeocodeResult geocode                 A provider is registered at the first usage of MapService

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We got the same exact exception error returned  to fix it was easy after hours surfing the internet   We downloaded the highest version of jdk we could find on oracle com  installed it and pointed Jboss application server to the directory of the installed new jdk   Restarted Jboss  reprocessed  problemo fixed

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Here is my solution  java 1 6   also would be interested why I had to do this   I noticed from the javax security debug ssl  that sometimes the used cipher suite is TLS DHE     and sometime it is TLS ECDHE      The later would happen if I added BouncyCastle  If TLS ECDHE  was selected  MOST OF the time it worked  but not ALWAYS  so adding even BouncyCastle provider was unreliable  failed with same error  every other time or so   I guess somewhere in the Sun SSL implementation sometimes it choose DHE  sometimes it choose ECDHE   So the solution posted here relies on removing TLS DHE  ciphers completely  NOTE  BouncyCastle is NOT required for the solution   So create the server certification file by   echo  openssl s client -connect example org 443 2 gt  amp 1  sed -ne   -BEGIN CERTIFICATE-   -END CERTIFICATE- p    Save this as it will be referenced later  than here is the solution for an SSL http get  excluding the TLS DHE  cipher suites   package org example security   import java io BufferedInputStream  import java io BufferedReader  import java io FileInputStream  import java io IOException  import java io InputStream  import java io InputStreamReader  import java net InetAddress  import java net Socket  import java net URL  import java net UnknownHostException  import java security KeyStore  import java security cert Certificate  import java security cert CertificateFactory  import java security cert X509Certificate  import java util ArrayList  import java util List   import javax net ssl HttpsURLConnection  import javax net ssl SSLContext  import javax net ssl SSLParameters  import javax net ssl SSLSocket  import javax net ssl SSLSocketFactory  import javax net ssl TrustManagerFactory   import org apache log4j Logger   public class SSLExcludeCipherConnectionHelper        private Logger logger   Logger getLogger SSLExcludeCipherConnectionHelper class        private String   exludedCipherSuites      DHE     DH          private String trustCert   null       private TrustManagerFactory tmf       public void setExludedCipherSuites String   exludedCipherSuites            this exludedCipherSuites   exludedCipherSuites             public SSLExcludeCipherConnectionHelper String trustCert            super            this trustCert   trustCert            Security addProvider new BouncyCastleProvider             try               this initTrustManager              catch  Exception ex                ex printStackTrace                         private void initTrustManager   throws Exception           CertificateFactory cf   CertificateFactory getInstance  X 509            InputStream caInput   new BufferedInputStream new FileInputStream trustCert            Certificate ca   null          try               ca   cf generateCertificate caInput               logger debug  ca       X509Certificate  ca  getSubjectDN               finally               caInput close                          Create a KeyStore containing our trusted CAs         KeyStore keyStore   KeyStore getInstance  jks            keyStore load null  null           keyStore setCertificateEntry  ca   ca               Create a TrustManager that trusts the CAs in our KeyStore         String tmfAlgorithm   TrustManagerFactory getDefaultAlgorithm            tmf   TrustManagerFactory getInstance tmfAlgorithm           tmf init keyStore              public String get URL url  throws Exception              Create an SSLContext that uses our TrustManager         SSLContext context   SSLContext getInstance  TLS            context init null  tmf getTrustManagers    null           SSLParameters params   context getSupportedSSLParameters            List lt String gt  enabledCiphers   new ArrayList lt String gt             for  String cipher   params getCipherSuites                  boolean exclude   false              if  exludedCipherSuites    null                    for  int i 0  i lt exludedCipherSuites length  amp  amp   exclude  i                          exclude   cipher indexOf exludedCipherSuites i    gt   0                                              if   exclude                    enabledCiphers add cipher                                   String   cArray   new String enabledCiphers size             enabledCiphers toArray cArray               Tell the URLConnection to use a SocketFactory from our SSLContext         HttpsURLConnection urlConnection                HttpsURLConnection url openConnection            SSLSocketFactory sf   context getSocketFactory            sf   new DOSSLSocketFactory sf  cArray           urlConnection setSSLSocketFactory sf           BufferedReader in   new BufferedReader new InputStreamReader urlConnection getInputStream              String inputLine          StringBuffer buffer   new StringBuffer            while   inputLine   in readLine       null               buffer append inputLine           in close             return buffer toString               private class DOSSLSocketFactory extends javax net ssl SSLSocketFactory            private SSLSocketFactory sf   null          private String   enabledCiphers   null           private DOSSLSocketFactory SSLSocketFactory sf  String   enabledCiphers                super                this sf   sf              this enabledCiphers   enabledCiphers                     private Socket getSocketWithEnabledCiphers Socket socket                if  enabledCiphers    null  amp  amp  socket    null  amp  amp  socket instanceof SSLSocket                    SSLSocket socket  setEnabledCipherSuites enabledCiphers                return socket                      Override         public Socket createSocket Socket s  String host  int port                  boolean autoClose  throws IOException               return getSocketWithEnabledCiphers sf createSocket s  host  port  autoClose                        Override         public String   getDefaultCipherSuites                 return sf getDefaultCipherSuites                        Override         public String   getSupportedCipherSuites                 if  enabledCiphers    null                  return sf getSupportedCipherSuites                else                 return enabledCiphers                      Override         public Socket createSocket String host  int port  throws IOException                  UnknownHostException               return getSocketWithEnabledCiphers sf createSocket host  port                        Override         public Socket createSocket InetAddress address  int port                  throws IOException               return getSocketWithEnabledCiphers sf createSocket address  port                        Override         public Socket createSocket String host  int port  InetAddress localAddress                  int localPort  throws IOException  UnknownHostException               return getSocketWithEnabledCiphers sf createSocket host  port  localAddress  localPort                        Override         public Socket createSocket InetAddress address  int port                  InetAddress localaddress  int localport  throws IOException               return getSocketWithEnabledCiphers sf createSocket address  port  localaddress  localport                         Finally here is how it is used  certFilePath if the path of the certificate saved from openssl    try               URL url   new URL  https   www example org q somedata                            SSLExcludeCipherConnectionHelper sslExclHelper   new SSLExcludeCipherConnectionHelper certFilePath               logger debug                      sslExclHelper get url                           catch  Exception ex                ex printStackTrace

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If the server supports a cipher that does not include DH  you can force the client to select that cipher and avoid the DH error  Such as   String pickedCipher      TLS RSA WITH AES 256 CBC SHA    sslsocket setEnabledCipherSuites pickedCipher     Keep in mind that specifying an exact cipher is prone to breakage in the long run

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I encountered the SSL error on a CentOS server running JDK 6    My plan was to install a higher JDK version  JDK 7  to co-exist with JDK 6 but it turns out that merely installing the newer JDK with rpm -i was not enough    The JDK 7 installation would only succeed with the rpm -U upgrade option as illustrated below   1  Download JDK 7  wget -O  root jdk-7u79-linux-x64 rpm --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header  Cookie  gpw e24 http 3A 2F 2Fwww oracle com 2F  o raclelicense accept-securebackup-cookie   http   download oracle com otn-pub java jdk 7u79-b15 jdk-7u79-linux-x64 rpm    2  RPM installation fails  rpm -ivh jdk-7u79-linux-x64 rpm Preparing                                                                100           file  etc init d jexec from install of jdk-2000 1 7 0 79-fcs x86 64 conflicts with file from package jdk-2000 1 6 0 43-fcs x86 64   3  RPM upgrade succeeds  rpm -Uvh jdk-7u79-linux-x64 rpm Preparing                                                                100      1 jdk                                                                 100   Unpacking JAR files            rt jar            jsse jar            charsets jar            tools jar            localedata jar            jfxrt jar      4  Confirm the new version  java -version java version  1 7 0 79  Java TM  SE Runtime Environment  build 1 7 0 79-b15  Java HotSpot TM  64-Bit Server VM  build 24 79-b02  mixed mode

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If you are still bitten by this issue AND you are using Apache httpd v  2 4 7  try this   http   httpd apache org docs current ssl ssl faq html javadh  copied from the url    Beginning with version 2 4 7  mod ssl will use DH parameters which include primes with lengths of more than 1024 bits  Java 7 and earlier limit their support for DH prime sizes to a maximum of 1024 bits  however   If your Java-based client aborts with exceptions such as java lang RuntimeException  Could not generate DH keypair and java security InvalidAlgorithmParameterException  Prime size must be multiple of 64  and can only range from 512 to 1024  inclusive   and httpd logs tlsv1 alert internal error  SSL alert number 80   at LogLevel info or higher   you can either rearrange mod ssl s cipher list with SSLCipherSuite  possibly in conjunction with SSLHonorCipherOrder   or you can use custom DH parameters with a 1024-bit prime  which will always have precedence over any of the built-in DH parameters   To generate custom DH parameters  use the      openssl dhparam 1024   command  Alternatively  you can use the following standard 1024-bit DH parameters from RFC 2409  section 6 2   -----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS----- MIGHAoGBAP          yQ aoiFowjTExmKLgNwc0SkCTgiKZ8x0Agu pjsTmyJR Sgh5jjQE3e VGbPNOkMbMCsKbfJfFDdP4TVtbVHCReSFtXZiXn7G9ExC6aY37WsL  1y29Aa37e44a taiZ lrp8kEXxLH ZJKGZR7OZTgf          AgEC -----END DH PARAMETERS-----   Add the custom parameters including the  BEGIN DH PARAMETERS  and  END DH PARAMETERS  lines to the end of the first certificate file you have configured using the SSLCertificateFile directive     I am using java 1 6 on client side  and it solved my issue  I didn t lowered the cipher suites or like  but added a custom generated DH param to the cert file

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You can disable DHE completely in your jdk  edit jre lib security java security and make sure DHE is disabled  eg  like   jdk tls disabledAlgorithms SSLv3  DHE

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The problem is the prime size  The maximum-acceptable size that Java accepts is 1024 bits  This is a known issue  see JDK-6521495     The bug report that I linked to mentions a workaround using BouncyCastle s JCE implementation  Hopefully that should work for you   UPDATE  This was reported as bug JDK-7044060 and fixed recently   Note  however  that the limit was only raised to 2048 bit  For sizes   2048 bit  there is JDK-8072452 - Remove the maximum prime size of DH Keys  the fix appears to be for 9

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You can installing the provider dynamically   1  Download these jars    bcprov-jdk15on-152 jar bcprov-ext-jdk15on-152 jar   2  Copy jars to WEB-INF lib  or your classpath   3  Add provider dynamically   import org bouncycastle jce provider BouncyCastleProvider        Security addProvider new BouncyCastleProvider

[java] Why does SSL handshake give 'Could not generate DH keypair' exception?

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