Returning value from Thread

Question

I have a method with a HandlerThread  A value gets changed inside the Thread and I d like to return it to the test   method  Is there a way to do this   public void test            Thread uiThread   new HandlerThread  UIHandler            public synchronized void run                int value               value   2    To be returned to test                        uiThread start

User · Answer

What you are looking for is probably the Callable lt V gt  interface in place of Runnable  and retrieving the value with a Future lt V gt  object  which also lets you wait until the value has been computed  You can achieve this with an ExecutorService  which you can get from Executors newSingleThreadExecutor      public void test         int x      ExecutorService es   Executors newSingleThreadExecutor        Future lt Integer gt  result   es submit new Callable lt Integer gt              public Integer call   throws Exception                  the other thread             return 2                        try           x   result get          catch  Exception e               failed           es shutdown

User · Answer

How about this solution   It doesn t use the Thread class  but it IS concurrent  and in a way it does exactly what you request  ExecutorService pool   Executors newFixedThreadPool 2      creates a pool of threads for the Future to draw from  Future lt Integer gt  value   pool submit new Callable lt Integer gt           Override     public Integer call    return 2         Now all you do is say value get   whenever you need to grab your returned value  the thread is started the very second you give value a value so you don t ever have to say threadName start   on it   What a Future is  is a promise to the program  you promise the program that you ll get it the value it needs sometime in the near future  If you call  get   on it before it s done  the thread that s calling it will simply just wait until it s done

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From Java 8 onwards we have CompletableFuture  On your case  you may use the method supplyAsync to get the result after execution  Please find some reference here      CompletableFuture lt Integer gt  completableFuture           CompletableFuture supplyAsync    - gt  yourMethod         completableFuture get     gives you the value

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Usually you would do it something like this   public class Foo implements Runnable        private volatile int value         Override      public void run             value   2               public int getValue              return value              Then you can create the thread and retrieve the value  given that the value has been set   Foo foo   new Foo    Thread thread   new Thread foo   thread start    thread join    int value   foo getValue        tl dr a thread cannot return a value  at least not without a callback mechanism   You should reference a thread like an ordinary class and ask for the value

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With small modifications to your code  you can achieve it in a more generic way    final Handler responseHandler   new Handler Looper getMainLooper                  Override             public void handleMessage Message msg                      txtView setText  String  msg obj                   Toast makeText MainActivity this                           Result from UIHandlerThread    int msg obj                          Toast LENGTH LONG                           show                                      HandlerThread handlerThread   new HandlerThread  UIHandlerThread                public void run                    Integer a   2                  Message msg   new Message                    msg obj   a                  responseHandler sendMessage msg                   System out println a                                    handlerThread start      Solution     Create a Handler in UI Thread which is called as responseHandler Initialize this Handler from Looper of UI Thread   In HandlerThread  post message on this responseHandler handleMessgae shows a Toast with value received from message  This Message object is generic and you can send different type of attributes    With this approach  you can send multiple values to UI thread at different point of times  You can run  post  many Runnable objects on this HandlerThread and each Runnable can set value in Message object  which can be received by UI Thread

User · Answer

If you want the value from the calling method  then it should wait for the thread to finish  which makes using threads a bit pointless   To directly answer you question  the value can be stored in any mutable object both the calling method and the thread both have a reference to  You could use the outer this  but that isn t going to be particularly useful other than for trivial examples   A little note on the code in the question  Extending Thread is usually poor style  Indeed extending classes unnecessarily is a bad idea  I notice you run method is synchronised for some reason  Now as the object in this case is the Thread you may interfere with whatever Thread uses its lock for  in the reference implementation  something to do with join  IIRC

User · Answer

You can use a local final variable array  The variable needs to be of non-primitive type  so you can use an array  You also need to synchronize the two threads  for example using a CountDownLatch   public void test            final CountDownLatch latch   new CountDownLatch 1       final int   value   new int 1       Thread uiThread   new HandlerThread  UIHandler             Override         public void run                value 0    2              latch countDown       Release await   in the test thread                       uiThread start        latch await       Wait for countDown   in the UI thread  Or could uiThread join           value 0  holds 2 at this point      You can also use an Executor and a Callable like this   public void test   throws InterruptedException  ExecutionException          ExecutorService executor   Executors newSingleThreadExecutor        Callable lt Integer gt  callable   new Callable lt Integer gt               Override         public Integer call                 return 2                       Future lt Integer gt  future   executor submit callable          future get   returns 2 or raises an exception if the thread dies  so safer     executor shutdown

User · Answer

Using Future described in above answers does the job  but a bit less significantly as f get    blocks the thread until it gets the result  which violates concurrency    Best solution is to use Guava s ListenableFuture  An example         ListenableFuture lt Void gt  future   MoreExecutors listeningDecorator Executors newFixedThreadPool 1  new NamedThreadFactory  submit new Callable lt Void gt                   Override         public Void call   throws Exception                       someBackgroundTask                          Futures addCallback future  new FutureCallback lt Long gt                   Override         public void onSuccess Long result                        doSomething                        Override         public void onFailure Throwable t

[java] Returning value from Thread

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