You can animate the position (top, bottom, left, right) and then subtract the element's width or height through a CSS transformation.
Consider:
$('.animate').on('click', function(){
$(this).toggleClass("move");
})
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.animate {
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
background-color: #c00;
transition: all 1s ease;
position: absolute;
cursor: pointer;
font: 13px/100px sans-serif;
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
/* ? just to position things */
.animate.left { left: 0; top: 50%; margin-top: -100px;}
.animate.right { right: 0; top: 50%; }
.animate.top { top: 0; left: 50%; }
.animate.bottom { bottom: 0; left: 50%; margin-left: -100px;}
.animate.left.move {
left: 100%;
transform: translate(-100%, 0);
}
.animate.right.move {
right: 100%;
transform: translate(100%, 0);
}
.animate.top.move {
top: 100%;
transform: translate(0, -100%);
}
.animate.bottom.move {
bottom: 100%;
transform: translate(0, 100%);
}
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<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
Click to animate
<div class="animate left">left</div>
<div class="animate top">top</div>
<div class="animate bottom">bottom</div>
<div class="animate right">right</div>
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And then animate depending on the position...