How to compare oldValues and newValues on React Hooks useEffect

Question

Let s say I have 3 inputs  rate  sendAmount  and receiveAmount  I put that 3 inputs on useEffect diffing params  The rules are    If sendAmount changed  I calculate receiveAmount   sendAmount   rate If receiveAmount changed  I calculate sendAmount   receiveAmount   rate If rate changed  I calculate receiveAmount   sendAmount   rate when sendAmount  gt  0 or I calculate sendAmount   receiveAmount   rate when receiveAmount  gt  0   Here is the codesandbox https   codesandbox io s pkl6vn7x6j to demonstrate the problem   Is there a way to compare the oldValues and newValues like on componentDidUpdate instead of making 3 handlers for this case   Thanks    Here is my final solution with usePrevious https   codesandbox io s 30n01w2r06  In this case  I cannot use multiple useEffect because each change is leading to the same network call  That s why I also use changeCount to track the change too  This changeCount also helpful to track changes from local only  so I can prevent unnecessary network call because of changes from the server

User · Answer

Using Ref will introduce a new kind of bug into the app.

Let's see this case using usePrevious that someone commented before:

prop.minTime: 5 ==> ref.current = 5 | set ref.current
prop.minTime: 5 ==> ref.current = 5 | new value is equal to ref.current
prop.minTime: 8 ==> ref.current = 5 | new value is NOT equal to ref.current
prop.minTime: 5 ==> ref.current = 5 | new value is equal to ref.current

As we can see here, we are not updating the internal ref because we are using useEffect

User · Answer

You can use useImmer opposed to useState and access the state  Example  https   css-tricks com build-a-chat-app-using-react-hooks-in-100-lines-of-code

User · Answer

Option 1 - run useEffect when value changes const Component    props    gt       useEffect      gt        console log  quot val1 has changed quot          val1       return  lt div gt     lt  div gt       Demo Option 2 - useHasChanged hook Comparing a current value to a previous value is a common pattern  and justifies a custom hook of it s own that hides implementation details  const Component    props    gt      const hasVal1Changed   useHasChanged val1     useEffect      gt        if  hasVal1Changed           console log  quot val1 has changed quot                   return  lt div gt     lt  div gt       const useHasChanged   val  any    gt        const prevVal   usePrevious val      return prevVal     val    const usePrevious    value    gt        const ref   useRef        useEffect      gt          ref current   value              return ref current       Demo

User · Answer

Since state isn t tightly coupled with component instance in functional components  previous state cannot be reached in useEffect without saving it first  for instance  with useRef  This also means that state update was possibly incorrectly implemented in wrong place because previous state is available inside setState updater function   This is a good use case for useReducer which provides Redux-like store and allows to implement respective pattern  State updates are performed explicitly  so there s no need to figure out which state property is updated  this is already clear from dispatched action   Here s an example what it may look like   function reducer   sendAmount  receiveAmount  rate    action      switch  action type        case  sendAmount         sendAmount   action payload        return           sendAmount          receiveAmount  sendAmount   rate          rate              case  receiveAmount         receiveAmount   action payload        return           sendAmount  receiveAmount   rate          receiveAmount          rate              case  rate         rate   action payload        return           sendAmount  receiveAmount   receiveAmount   rate   sendAmount          receiveAmount  sendAmount   sendAmount   rate   receiveAmount          rate              default        throw new Error           function handleChange e      const   name  value     e target    dispatch       type  name      payload  value              const  state  dispatch    useReducer reducer      rate  2    sendAmount  0    receiveAmount  0

User · Answer

You can write a custom hook to provide you a previous props using useRef  function usePrevious value      const ref   useRef      useEffect      gt        ref current   value          return ref current      and then use it in useEffect  const Component    props    gt        const  receiveAmount  sendAmount     props     const prevAmount   usePrevious  receiveAmount  sendAmount        useEffect      gt            if prevAmount receiveAmount     receiveAmount                 process here                   if prevAmount sendAmount     sendAmount                 process here                   receiveAmount  sendAmount       However its clearer and probably better and clearer to read and understand if you use two useEffect separately for each change id you want to process them separately

User · Answer

I just published react-delta which solves this exact sort of scenario  In my opinion  useEffect has too many responsibilities    Responsibilities   It compares all values in its dependency array using Object is It runs effect cleanup callbacks based on the result of  1   Breaking Up Responsibilities  react-delta breaks useEffect s responsibilities into several smaller hooks   Responsibility  1   usePrevious value  useLatest value  useDelta value  options  useDeltaArray valueArray  options  useDeltaObject valueObject  options  some deltaArray  every deltaArray    Responsibility  2   useConditionalEffect callback  boolean    In my experience  this approach is more flexible  clean  and concise than useEffect useRef solutions

User · Answer

Here s a custom hook that I use which I believe is more intuitive than using usePrevious   import   useRef  useEffect   from  react      useTransition    Array a   gt   a - gt  Void  a  - gt  Void                                                                                                                           callback  deps       The useTransition hook is similar to the useEffect hook  It requires    a callback function and an array of dependencies  Unlike the useEffect    hook  the callback function is only called when the dependencies change     Hence  it s not called when the component mounts because there is no change    in the dependencies  The callback function is supplied the previous array of    dependencies which it can use to perform transition-based effects  const useTransition    callback  deps    gt      const func   useRef null     useEffect      gt        func current   callback       callback      const args   useRef null     useEffect      gt        if  args current     null  func current    args current      args current   deps      deps      You d use useTransition as follows   useTransition  prevRate  prevSendAmount  prevReceiveAmount    gt      if  sendAmount     prevSendAmount    rate     prevRate  amp  amp  sendAmount  gt  0        const newReceiveAmount   sendAmount   rate        do something     else       const newSendAmount   receiveAmount   rate        do something         rate  sendAmount  receiveAmount     Hope that helps

User · Answer

For really simple prop comparison you can use useEffect to easily check to see if a prop has updated  const myComponent      prop      gt      useEffect      gt        ---Do stuffhere----       prop      useEffect will then only run your code if the prop changes

User · Answer

Incase anybody is looking for a TypeScript version of usePrevious  In a  tsx module  import   useEffect  useRef   from  quot react quot    const usePrevious    lt T extends unknown gt  value  T   T   undefined   gt      const ref   useRef lt T gt       useEffect      gt        ref current   value          return ref current      Or in a  ts module  import   useEffect  useRef   from  quot react quot    const usePrevious    lt T gt  value  T   T   undefined   gt      const ref   useRef lt T gt       useEffect      gt        ref current   value          return ref current

User · Answer

Going off the accepted answer  an alternative solution that doesn t require a custom hook  const Component      receiveAmount  sendAmount      gt      const prevAmount   useRef   receiveAmount  sendAmount    current    useEffect      gt        if  prevAmount receiveAmount     receiveAmount            process here           if  prevAmount sendAmount     sendAmount            process here           return      gt           prevAmount receiveAmount   receiveAmount        prevAmount sendAmount   sendAmount               receiveAmount  sendAmount        This assumes you actually need reference to the previous values for anything in the  quot process here quot  bits  Otherwise unless your conditionals are beyond a straight     comparison  the simplest solution here would just be  const Component      receiveAmount  sendAmount      gt      useEffect      gt            process here       receiveAmount       useEffect      gt            process here       sendAmount

User · Answer

If you prefer a useEffect replacement approach  const usePreviousEffect    fn  inputs         gt      const previousInputsRef   useRef     inputs      useEffect      gt        fn previousInputsRef current      previousInputsRef current       inputs       inputs     And use it like this  usePreviousEffect      prevReceiveAmount  prevSendAmount     gt        if  prevReceiveAmount     receiveAmount     side effect here     if  prevSendAmount     sendAmount     side effect here         receiveAmount  sendAmount     Note that the first time the effect executes  the previous values passed to your fn will be the same as your initial input values  This would only matter to you if you wanted to do something when a value did not change

User · Answer

In your case simple object   useEffect     gt        your logic     rate  sendAmount  receiveAmount    In other case complex object  const  cityInfo    props  useEffect     gt        some logic     cityInfo cityId

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