[python] how to set "camera position" for 3d plots using python/matplotlib?

I'm learning how to use mplot3d to produce nice plots of 3d data and I'm pretty happy so far. What I am trying to do at the moment is a little animation of a rotating surface. For that purpose, I need to set a camera position for the 3D projection. I guess this must be possible since a surface can be rotated using the mouse when using matplotlib interactively. But how can I do this from a script? I found a lot of transforms in mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.proj3d but I could not find out how to use these for my purpose and I didn't find any example for what I'm trying to do.

Minimal example varying azim, dist and elev

To add some simple sample images to what was explained at: https://stackoverflow.com/a/12905458/895245

Here is my test program:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import sys

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from matplotlib.ticker import LinearLocator, FormatStrFormatter
import numpy as np

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    azim = int(sys.argv[1])
else:
    azim = None
if len(sys.argv) > 2:
    dist = int(sys.argv[2])
else:
    dist = None
if len(sys.argv) > 3:
    elev = int(sys.argv[3])
else:
    elev = None

# Make data.
X = np.arange(-5, 6, 1)
Y = np.arange(-5, 6, 1)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
Z = X**2

# Plot the surface.
surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, linewidth=0, antialiased=False)

# Labels.
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_zlabel('z')

if azim is not None:
    ax.azim = azim
if dist is not None:
    ax.dist = dist
if elev is not None:
    ax.elev = elev

print('ax.azim = {}'.format(ax.azim))
print('ax.dist = {}'.format(ax.dist))
print('ax.elev = {}'.format(ax.elev))

plt.savefig(
    'main_{}_{}_{}.png'.format(ax.azim, ax.dist, ax.elev),
    format='png',
    bbox_inches='tight'
)

Running it without arguments gives the default values:

ax.azim = -60
ax.dist = 10
ax.elev = 30

main_-60_10_30.png

Vary azim

The azimuth is the rotation around the z axis e.g.:

• 0 means "looking from +x"
• 90 means "looking from +y"

main_-60_10_30.png

main_0_10_30.png

main_60_10_30.png

Vary dist

dist seems to be the distance from the center visible point in data coordinates.

main_-60_10_30.png

main_-60_5_30.png

main_-60_20_-30.png

Vary elev

From this we understand that elev is the angle between the eye and the xy plane.

main_-60_10_60.png

main_-60_10_30.png

main_-60_10_0.png

main_-60_10_-30.png

Tested on matpotlib==3.2.2.

Try the following code to find the optimal camera position

Move the viewing angle of the plot using the keyboard keys as mentioned in the if clause

Use print to get the camera positions

def move_view(event):
    ax.autoscale(enable=False, axis='both') 
    koef = 8
    zkoef = (ax.get_zbound()[0] - ax.get_zbound()[1]) / koef
    xkoef = (ax.get_xbound()[0] - ax.get_xbound()[1]) / koef
    ykoef = (ax.get_ybound()[0] - ax.get_ybound()[1]) / koef
    ## Map an motion to keyboard shortcuts
    if event.key == "ctrl+down":
        ax.set_ybound(ax.get_ybound()[0] + xkoef, ax.get_ybound()[1] + xkoef)
    if event.key == "ctrl+up":
        ax.set_ybound(ax.get_ybound()[0] - xkoef, ax.get_ybound()[1] - xkoef)
    if event.key == "ctrl+right":
        ax.set_xbound(ax.get_xbound()[0] + ykoef, ax.get_xbound()[1] + ykoef)
    if event.key == "ctrl+left":
        ax.set_xbound(ax.get_xbound()[0] - ykoef, ax.get_xbound()[1] - ykoef)
    if event.key == "down":
        ax.set_zbound(ax.get_zbound()[0] - zkoef, ax.get_zbound()[1] - zkoef)
    if event.key == "up":
        ax.set_zbound(ax.get_zbound()[0] + zkoef, ax.get_zbound()[1] + zkoef)
    # zoom option
    if event.key == "alt+up":
        ax.set_xbound(ax.get_xbound()[0]*0.90, ax.get_xbound()[1]*0.90)
        ax.set_ybound(ax.get_ybound()[0]*0.90, ax.get_ybound()[1]*0.90)
        ax.set_zbound(ax.get_zbound()[0]*0.90, ax.get_zbound()[1]*0.90)
    if event.key == "alt+down":
        ax.set_xbound(ax.get_xbound()[0]*1.10, ax.get_xbound()[1]*1.10)
        ax.set_ybound(ax.get_ybound()[0]*1.10, ax.get_ybound()[1]*1.10)
        ax.set_zbound(ax.get_zbound()[0]*1.10, ax.get_zbound()[1]*1.10)
    
    # Rotational movement
    elev=ax.elev
    azim=ax.azim
    if event.key == "shift+up":
        elev+=10
    if event.key == "shift+down":
        elev-=10
    if event.key == "shift+right":
        azim+=10
    if event.key == "shift+left":
        azim-=10

    ax.view_init(elev= elev, azim = azim)

    # print which ever variable you want 

    ax.figure.canvas.draw()

fig.canvas.mpl_connect("key_press_event", move_view)

plt.show()

What would be handy would be to apply the Camera position to a new plot. So I plot, then move the plot around with the mouse changing the distance. Then try to replicate the view including the distance on another plot. I find that axx.ax.get_axes() gets me an object with the old .azim and .elev.

IN PYTHON...

axx=ax1.get_axes()
azm=axx.azim
ele=axx.elev
dst=axx.dist       # ALWAYS GIVES 10
#dst=ax1.axes.dist # ALWAYS GIVES 10
#dst=ax1.dist      # ALWAYS GIVES 10

Later 3d graph...

ax2.view_init(elev=ele, azim=azm) #Works!
ax2.dist=dst                       # works but always 10 from axx

EDIT 1... OK, Camera position is the wrong way of thinking concerning the .dist value. It rides on top of everything as a kind of hackey scalar multiplier for the whole graph.

This works for the magnification/zoom of the view:

xlm=ax1.get_xlim3d() #These are two tupples
ylm=ax1.get_ylim3d() #we use them in the next
zlm=ax1.get_zlim3d() #graph to reproduce the magnification from mousing
axx=ax1.get_axes()
azm=axx.azim
ele=axx.elev

Later Graph...

ax2.view_init(elev=ele, azim=azm) #Reproduce view
ax2.set_xlim3d(xlm[0],xlm[1])     #Reproduce magnification
ax2.set_ylim3d(ylm[0],ylm[1])     #...
ax2.set_zlim3d(zlm[0],zlm[1])     #...