To developers, Angular2 provides some features beyond showing data on screen. For example, using angular2 cli tool can help you "pre-compile" your code and generate necessary javascript code (tree-shaking) to shrink the download size down to 35Kish.
This opens a door for server rendering that can address SEO issue and work with Nativescript etc that don't work on browsers.
Resource links Original: Basically, jQuery is a great tool for you to manipulate and control DOM elements. If you only focus on DOM elements and no Data CRUD, like building a website not web application, jQuery is the one of the top tools. (You can use AngularJS for this purpose as well.)
AngularJS is a framework. It has following features
check this presentation and this great introduction
Don't forget to read the official developer guide
Or learn it from these awesome video tutorials
If you want to watch more tutorial video, check out this post, Collection of best 60+ AngularJS tutorials.
You can use jQuery with AngularJS without any issue.
In fact, AngularJS uses jQuery lite in it, which is a great tool.
From FAQ
Does Angular use the jQuery library?
Yes, Angular can use jQuery if it's present in your app when the application is being bootstrapped. If jQuery is not present in your script path, Angular falls back to its own implementation of the subset of jQuery that we call jQLite.
However, don't try to use jQuery to modify the DOM in AngularJS controllers, do it in your directives.
Update:
Angular2 is released. Here is a great list of resource for starters