Selenium using Python - Geckodriver executable needs to be in PATH

Question

I m new to programming and started with Python about two months ago and am going over Sweigart s Automate the Boring Stuff with Python text  I m using IDLE and already installed the Selenium module and the Firefox browser  Whenever I tried to run the webdriver function  I get this  from selenium import webdriver browser   webdriver Firefox    Exception  Exception ignored in   lt bound method Service   del   of  lt selenium webdriver firefox service Service object at 0x00000249C0DA1080 gt  gt  Traceback  most recent call last     File  quot C  Python Python35 lib site-packages selenium webdriver common service py quot   line 163  in   del       self stop     File  quot C  Python Python35 lib site-packages selenium webdriver common service py quot   line 135  in stop     if self process is None  AttributeError   Service  object has no attribute  process  Exception ignored in   lt bound method Service   del   of  lt selenium webdriver firefox service Service object at 0x00000249C0E08128 gt  gt  Traceback  most recent call last     File  quot C  Python Python35 lib site-packages selenium webdriver common service py quot   line 163  in   del       self stop     File  quot C  Python Python35 lib site-packages selenium webdriver common service py quot   line 135  in stop     if self process is None  AttributeError   Service  object has no attribute  process  Traceback  most recent call last     File  quot C  Python Python35 lib site-packages selenium webdriver common service py quot   line 64  in start     stdout self log file  stderr self log file    File  quot C  Python Python35 lib subprocess py quot   line 947  in   init       restore signals  start new session    File  quot C  Python Python35 lib subprocess py quot   line 1224  in  execute child     startupinfo  FileNotFoundError   WinError 2  The system cannot find the file specified  During handling of the above exception  another exception occurred   Traceback  most recent call last     File  quot  lt pyshell 11 gt  quot   line 1  in  lt module gt      browser   webdriver Firefox     File  quot C  Python Python35 lib site-packages selenium webdriver firefox webdriver py quot   line 135  in   init       self service start     File  quot C  Python Python35 lib site-packages selenium webdriver common service py quot   line 71  in start     os path basename self path   self start error message  selenium common exceptions WebDriverException  Message   geckodriver  executable needs to be in PATH   I think I need to set the path for geckodriver  but I am not sure how  so how would I do this

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Some additional input clarification for future readers of this thread  The following suffices as a resolution for Windows 7  Python 3 6  and Selenium 3 11  dsalaj s note for another answer for Unix is applicable to Windows as well  tinkering with the PATH environment variable at the Windows level and restart of the Windows system can be avoided   1  Download geckodriver  as described in this thread earlier  and place the  unzipped  geckdriver exe at X  Folder of your choice  2  Python code sample  import os  os environ  quot PATH quot      os pathsep   r X  Folder of your choice    from selenium import webdriver  browser   webdriver Firefox    browser get  http   localhost 8000   assert  Django  in browser title  Notes   1  It may take about 10 seconds for the above code to open up the Firefox browser for the specified URL   2  The Python console would show the following error if there s no server already running at the specified URL or serving a page with the title containing the string  Django   selenium common exceptions WebDriverException  Message  Reached error page  about neterror e connectionFailure amp u http 3A  localhost 3A8000  amp c UTF-8 amp f regular amp d Firefox 20can E2 80 9

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Ensure you have the correct version of the driver  geckodriver   x86 or 64  Ensure you are checking the right environment  For example  the job is running in a Docker container  whereas the environment is checked on the host OS

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For Windows users  Use the original code as it s  from selenium import webdriver browser   webdriver Firefox   driver get  quot https   www google com quot    Then download the driver from  mozilla geckodriver Place it in a fixed path  permanently     As an example  I put it in   C  Python35  Then go to the environment variables of the system  In the grid of  quot System variables quot  look for the Path variable and add    C  Python35 geckodriver  geckodriver  not geckodriver exe

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selenium common exceptions WebDriverException  Message   geckodriver  executable needs to be in PATH   First of all you will need to download latest executable geckodriver from here to run latest Firefox using Selenium Actually  the Selenium client bindings tries to locate the geckodriver executable from the system PATH  You will need to add the directory containing the executable to the system path   On Unix systems you can do the following to append it to your system   s search path  if you   re using a Bash-compatible shell    export PATH  PATH  path to directory of executable downloaded in previous step   On Windows you will need to update the Path system variable to add the full directory path to the executable geckodriver manually or command line    don t forget to restart your system after adding executable geckodriver into system PATH to take effect     The principle is the same as on Unix    Now you can run your code same as you re doing as below  - from selenium import webdriver  browser   webdriver Firefox     selenium common exceptions WebDriverException  Message  Expected browser binary location  but unable to find binary in default location  no  moz firefoxOptions binary  capability provided  and no binary flag set on the command line  The exception clearly states you have installed Firefox some other location while Selenium is trying to find Firefox and launch from the default location  but it couldn t find it  You need to provide explicitly Firefox installed binary location to launch Firefox as below  - from selenium import webdriver from selenium webdriver firefox firefox binary import FirefoxBinary  binary   FirefoxBinary  path to installed firefox binary   browser   webdriver Firefox firefox binary binary   https   github com mozilla geckodriver releases For Windows  Download the file from GitHub  extract it  and paste it in Python file  It worked for me  https   github com mozilla geckodriver releases For me  my path path is  C  Users MYUSERNAME AppData Local Programs Python Python39

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You can solve this issue by using a simple command if you are on Linux  First  download  https   github com mozilla geckodriver releases  and extract the ZIP file  Open the extracted folder  Open the terminal from the folder  where the geckodriver file is located after extraction    Now run this simple command on your terminal to copy the geckodriver into the correct folder   sudo cp geckodriver  usr local bin

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geckodriver is not installed by default    geckodriver  Command  geckodriver  not found  but it can be installed with   sudo apt install firefox-geckodriver     The following command not only installs it  but it also puts it in the executable PATH  sudo apt install firefox-geckodriver  The problem is solved with only a single step  I had exactly the same error as you and it was gone as soon as I installed it  Go ahead and give it a try    which geckodriver  usr bin geckodriver     geckodriver 1337    geckodriver    INFO    Listening on 127 0 0 1 4444  C

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This steps solved it for me on Ubuntu and Firefox 50   Download geckodriver  Copy geckodriver to folder  usr local bin   You do not need to add  firefox capabilities   DesiredCapabilities FIREFOX firefox capabilities  marionette     True firefox capabilities  binary       usr bin firefox  browser   webdriver Firefox capabilities firefox capabilities

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On macOS v10 12 1  Sierra  and Python 2 7 10  this works for me  def download url       firefox capabilities   DesiredCapabilities FIREFOX     firefox capabilities  marionette     True     browser   webdriver Firefox capabilities firefox capabilities                                  executable path r  Users Do01 Documents crawler-env geckodriver       browser get url      return browser page source

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Ubuntu 18 04  and the newest release of geckodriver This should also work for other  nix varieties as well  export GV v0 29 0 wget  quot https   github com mozilla geckodriver releases download  GV geckodriver- GV-linux64 tar gz quot  tar xvzf geckodriver- GV-linux64 tar gz chmod  x geckodriver sudo cp geckodriver  usr local bin   For Mac update to  geckodriver- GV-macos tar gz

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On Raspberry Pi I had to create from ARM driver and set the geckodriver and log path in  sudo nano  usr local lib python2 7 dist-packages selenium webdriver firefox webdriver py  def   init   self  firefox profile None  firefox binary None               timeout 30  capabilities None  proxy None               executable path  quot  PATH gecko geckodriver quot                        firefox options None               log path  quot  PATH geckodriver log quot

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To set up geckodriver for Selenium Python  It needs to set the geckodriver path with FirefoxDriver as the below code  self driver   webdriver Firefox executable path    D  Selenium RiponAlWasim geckodriver-v0 18 0-win64 geckodriver exe    Download geckodriver for your suitable OS  from https   github com mozilla geckodriver releases    Extract it in a folder of your choice   Set the path correctly as mentioned above  I m using Python 3 6 2 and Selenium WebDriver 3 4 3 on Windows 10  Another way to set up geckodriver  i  Simply paste the geckodriver exe under  Python Scripts   in my case the folder was  C  Python36 Scripts  ii  Now write the simple code as below  self driver   webdriver Firefox

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On Windows 10 it works for me downloading the geckodriver exe  I just had to update Firefox  Below the code that I used  from selenium import webdriver driver   webdriver Firefox      executable path r C  Users Usuario Desktop Automate the boring stuff with python exercises Web Scraping geckodriver exe   driver get  http   inventwithpython com

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Consider installing a containerized Firefox   docker pull selenium standalone-firefox docker run --rm -d -p 5555 4444 --shm-size 2g selenium standalone-firefox   Connect using webdriver Remote   driver   webdriver Remote  http   localhost 5555 wd hub   DesiredCapabilities FIREFOX  driver set window size 1280  1024  driver get  https   toolbox googleapps com apps browserinfo    driver save screenshot  info png

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Selenium answers this question in their DESCRIPTION rst file   Drivers          Selenium requires a driver to interface with the chosen browser  Firefox  for example  requires geckodriver  lt https   github com mozilla geckodriver releases gt    which needs to be installed before the below examples can be run  Make sure it s in your PATH  e  g   place it in  usr bin or  usr local bin    Failure to observe this step will give you an error  selenium common exceptions WebDriverException  Message   geckodriver  executable needs to be in PATH   Basically just download the geckodriver  unpack it and move the executable to your  usr bin folder

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I ve actually discovered you can use the latest geckodriver without putting it in the system path  Currently I m using https   github com mozilla geckodriver releases download v0 12 0 geckodriver-v0 12 0-win64 zip Firefox 50 1 0 Python 3 5 2 Selenium 3 0 2 Windows 10 I m running a VirtualEnv  which I manage using PyCharm  and I assume it uses Pip to install everything   In the following code I can use a specific path for the geckodriver using the executable path parameter  I discovered this by having a look in Lib site-packages selenium webdriver firefox webdriver py    Note I have a suspicion that the order of parameter arguments when calling the webdriver is important  which is why the executable path is last in my code  the second to last line off to the far right   You may also notice I use a custom Firefox profile to get around the sec error unknown issuer problem that you will run into if the site you re testing has an untrusted certificate  See How to disable Firefox  39 s untrusted connection warning using Selenium  After investigation it was found that the Marionette driver is incomplete and still in progress  and no amount of setting various capabilities or profile options for dismissing or setting certificates was going to work  So it was just easier to use a custom profile  Anyway  here s the code on how I got the geckodriver to work without being in the path  from selenium import webdriver from selenium webdriver common desired capabilities import DesiredCapabilities  firefox capabilities   DesiredCapabilities FIREFOX firefox capabilities  marionette     True   you probably don t need the next 3 lines they don t seem to work anyway firefox capabilities  handleAlerts     True firefox capabilities  acceptSslCerts     True firefox capabilities  acceptInsecureCerts     True    In the next line I m using a specific Firefox profile because   I wanted to get around the sec error unknown issuer problems with the new Firefox and Marionette driver   I create a Firefox profile where I had already made an exception for the site I m testing   see https   support mozilla org en-US kb profile-manager-create-and-remove-firefox-profiles w starting-the-profile-manager  ffProfilePath    D  Work PyTestFramework FirefoxSeleniumProfile  profile   webdriver FirefoxProfile profile directory ffProfilePath  geckoPath    D  Work PyTestFramework geckodriver exe  browser   webdriver Firefox firefox profile profile  capabilities firefox capabilities  executable path geckoPath  browser get  http   stackoverflow com

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On macOS with Homebrew already installed you can simply run the Terminal command    brew install geckodriver   Because homebrew already did extend the PATH there s no need to modify any startup scripts

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I m using Windows 10 and this worked for me   Download geckodriver from here  Download the right version for the computer you are using  Unzip the file you just downloaded and cut copy the  quot  exe quot  file it contains Navigate to C  your python root folder   Mine was C  Python27  Paste the geckodriver exe file in this folder  Restart your development environment  Try running the code again  It should work now

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I see the discussions still talk about the old way of setting up geckodriver by downloading the binary and configuring the path manually  This can be done automatically using webdriver-manager pip install webdriver-manager  Now the above code in the question will work simply with the below change  from selenium import webdriver from webdriver manager firefox import GeckoDriverManager  driver   webdriver Firefox executable path GeckoDriverManager   install

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This solved it for me   from selenium import webdriver driver   webdriver Firefox executable path r your path geckodriver exe   driver get  http   inventwithpython com

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If you want to add the driver paths on Windows  10   Right click on the  quot This PC quot  icon and select  quot Properties quot    Click on    Advanced System Settings     Click on    Environment Variables    at the bottom of the screen  In the    User Variables    section highlight    Path    and click    Edit     Add the paths to your variables by clicking    New    and typing in the path for the driver you are adding and hitting enter   Once you done entering in the path  click    OK     Keep clicking    OK    until you have closed out all the screens

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There are so many solutions here  and most of them still using manual ways by downloading the package manually  The easiest solution is actually from Navarasu  Here is the example  and it fixes the problem quickly   Download and install the package with pip python -m pip install webdriver-manager   Example wolf linux    python -m pip install webdriver-manager Collecting webdriver-manager   Using cached https   files pythonhosted org packages 9c 6c b52517f34e907fef503cebe26c93ecdc590d0190b267d38a251a348431e8 webdriver manager-3 2 1-py2 py3-none-any whl      output truncated     Installing collected packages  configparser  colorama  crayons  certifi  chardet  urllib3  idna  requests  webdriver-manager Successfully installed certifi-2020 6 20 chardet-3 0 4 colorama-0 4 3 configparser-5 0 0 crayons-0 3 1 idna-2 10 requests-2 24 0 urllib3-1 25 9 webdriver-manager-3 2 1 wolf linux      Execute it in the Python shell  from selenium import webdriver from webdriver manager firefox import GeckoDriverManager  driver   webdriver Firefox executable path GeckoDriverManager   install     Example wolf linux    python Python 3 7 5  default  Nov  7 2019  10 50 52   GCC 8 3 0  on linux Type  quot help quot    quot copyright quot    quot credits quot  or  quot license quot  for more information   gt  gt  gt   gt  gt  gt  from selenium import webdriver  gt  gt  gt  from webdriver manager firefox import GeckoDriverManager  gt  gt  gt   gt  gt  gt  driver   webdriver Firefox executable path GeckoDriverManager   install     WDM  - There is no  linux64  geckodriver for browser  in cache  WDM  - Getting latest mozilla release info for v0 26 0  WDM  - Trying to download new driver from https   github com mozilla geckodriver releases download v0 26 0 geckodriver-v0 26 0-linux64 tar gz  WDM  - Driver has been saved in cache   home wolf  wdm drivers geckodriver linux64 v0 26 0   gt  gt  gt    Web browser  which is Firefox in this case will be open   Problem solved  That s it     Additional note  If you look at the log above  geckodriver was downloaded automatically from https   github com mozilla geckodriver releases download v0 26 0 geckodriver-v0 26 0-linux64 tar gz and saved to local directory which is at  home wolf  wdm drivers geckodriver linux64 v0 26 0  You can also copy this binary and put it in any of your executable directory which can be get from echo  PATH command    E g   cp  home   whoami   wdm drivers geckodriver linux64 v0 26 0 geckodriver  home   whoami   local bin   Then  let s try the sample code in https   pypi org project selenium  from selenium import webdriver  browser   webdriver Firefox   browser get  http   seleniumhq org      That s it

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This error message    FileNotFoundError   WinError 2  The system cannot find the file specified     implies that your program was unable to locate the specified file and while handling the exception the following exception occurred  selenium common exceptions WebDriverException  Message   geckodriver  executable needs to be in PATH       which implies that your program was unable to locate the GeckoDriver in the process of initiating spawnning a new Browsing Context i e  Firefox Browser session   You can download the latest GeckoDriver from mozilla   geckodriver  unzip untar and store the GeckoDriver binary executable anywhere with in your system passing the absolute path of the GeckoDriver through the key executable path as follows  from selenium import webdriver  driver   webdriver Firefox executable path   path to geckodriver   driver get  http   google com      In case firefox is not installed at the default location  i e  installed at a custom location  additionally you need to pass the absolute path of firefox binary through the attribute binary location as follows    An Windows example from selenium import webdriver from selenium webdriver firefox options import Options  options   Options   options binary location   r C  Program Files Mozilla Firefox firefox exe  driver   webdriver Firefox firefox options options  executable path r C  WebDrivers geckodriver exe   driver get  http   google com

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The answer by  saurabh solves the issue  but it doesn t explain why Automate the Boring Stuff with Python doesn t include those steps  This is caused by the book being based on Selenium 2 x and the Firefox driver for that series does not need the Gecko driver  The Gecko interface to drive the browser was not available when Selenium was being developed  The latest version in the Selenium 2 x series is 2 53 6  see e g   these answers  2   for an easier view of the versions   The  2 53 6 version page  3  doesn t mention Gecko at all  But since version 3 0 2 the documentation  explicitly states  4  you need to install the Gecko driver  If after an upgrade  or install on a new system   your software that worked fine before  or on your old system  doesn t work anymore and you are in a hurry  pin the Selenium version in your virtualenv by doing pip install selenium  2 53 6  but of course the long term solution for development is to setup a new virtualenv with the latest version of selenium  install the Gecko driver and test if everything still works as expected  But the major version bump might introduce other API changes that are not covered by your book  so you might want to stick with the older Selenium  until you are confident enough that you can fix any discrepancies between the Selenium 2 and Selenium 3 API yourself   2   https   stackoverflow com a 40746017 1307905   3   https   pypi python org pypi selenium 2 53 6  4   https   pypi python org pypi selenium drivers

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Steps for Mac The simple solution is to download GeckoDriver and add it to your system PATH  You can use either of the two approaches  Short Method  Download and unzip Geckodriver   Mention the path while initiating the driver   driver   webdriver Firefox executable path   your path to geckodriver      Long Method  Download and unzip Geckodriver   Open  bash profile  If you haven t created it yet  you can do so using the command  touch    bash profile  Then open it using  open    bash profile  Considering GeckoDriver file is present in your Downloads folder  you can add the following line s  to the  bash profile file   PATH  quot  Users  lt your-name gt  Downloads geckodriver  PATH quot   export PATH    By this you are appending the path to GeckoDriver to your System PATH  This tells the system where GeckoDriver is located when executing your Selenium scripts   Save the  bash profile and force it to execute  This loads the values immediately without having to reboot  To do this you can run the following command   source    bash profile  That s it  You are done  You can run the Python script now

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It s really rather sad that none of the books published on Selenium Python and most of the comments on this issue via Google do not clearly explain the pathing logic to set this up on Mac  everything is Windows       The YouTube videos all pickup at the  quot after quot  you ve got the pathing setup  in my mind  the cheap way out    So  for you wonderful Mac users  use the following to edit your Bash path files  touch    bash profile  open    bash profile   Then add a path something like this       Setting PATH for geckodriver PATH     usr bin geckodriver   PATH     export PATH    Setting PATH for Selenium Firefox PATH      Users yourNamePATH VEnvPythonInterpreter lib python2 7 site-packages selenium webdriver firefox    PATH     export PATH    Setting PATH for executable on Firefox driver PATH     Users yournamePATH VEnvPythonInterpreter lib python2 7 site-packages selenium webdriver common service py   PATH     export PATH   This worked for me  My concern is when will the Selenium Windows community start playing the real game and include us Mac users into their arrogant club membership

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I am using Windows 10 and Anaconda 2  I tried setting the system path variable  but it didn t work out  Then I simply added geckodriver exe file to the Anaconda 2 Scripts folder and everything works great now  For me the path was  C  Users Bhavya Anaconda2 Scripts

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To add my two cents  it is also possible to do echo PATH  Linux  and just move geckodriver to the folder of your liking  If a system  not virtual environment  folder is the target  the driver becomes globally accessible

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Visit Gecko Driver and get the URL for the Gecko driver from the Downloads section  Clone this repository  https   github com jackton1 script install git cd script install Run   installer --gecko-driver https   github com mozilla geckodriver releases download v0 18 0 geckodriver-v0 25 0-linux64 tar gz

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from webdriverdownloader import GeckoDriverDownloader   vs ChromeDriverDownloader vs OperaChromiumDriverDownloader gdd   GeckoDriverDownloader   gdd download and install    gdd download and install  quot v0 19 0 quot    This will get you the path to your gekodriver exe on Windows  from selenium import webdriver driver   webdriver Firefox executable path r C   Users  username   bin  geckodriver exe   driver get  https   www amazon com

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The easiest way for Windows  Download the latest version of geckodriver from here  Add the geckodriver exe file to the Python directory  or any other directory which already in PATH   This should solve the problem  it was tested on Windows  10

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If you use a virtual environment and Windows  10  maybe it s the same for other systems   you just need to put geckodriver exe into the following folder in your virtual environment directory      my virtual env directory Scripts geckodriver exe

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If you are using Anaconda  all you have to do is  activate your virtual environment and then install geckodriver using the following command       conda install -c conda-forge geckodriver

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For me it was enough just to install geckodriver in the same environment    brew install geckodriver  And the code was not changed  from selenium import webdriver browser   webdriver Firefox

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