I found that I needed to have a default value, even if it was an empty string for it to work. So this:
this.registerForm('someName', {
firstName: new FormControl({disabled: true}),
});
...had to become this:
this.registerForm('someName', {
firstName: new FormControl({value: '', disabled: true}),
});
See my question (which I don't believe is a duplicate): Passing 'disabled' in form state object to FormControl constructor doesn't work