In Symfony 2.6 and older versions, to get a parameter in a controller - you should get the container first, and then - the needed parameter.
$this->container->getParameter('api_user');
This documentation chapter explains it.
While $this->get()
method in a controller will load a service (doc)
In Symfony 2.7 and newer versions, to get a parameter in a controller you can use the following:
$this->getParameter('api_user');